Int J Curr Pharm Res, Vol 8, Issue 3, 64-67Original Article


AZETIDIN-2-ONE FUSED QUINOLINE ANALOGUES: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL 2-CHLORO-3-FORMYL QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES

GOVIND NAYAK1*, BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVA1, AKHLESH KUMAR SINGHAI1

1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur- 302025 (India), 2Lakshmi Narain College of Pharmacy, Bhopal- 462021 (India)
Email: nayak.govind@rediffmail.com

Received: 10 Mar 2016, Revised and Accepted: 10 Jun 2016


ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of the present invention is to synthesize and find out the biological significance of the series of the designed azetidin-2-one fused 2-chloro-3-formyl quinoline derivatives.

Methods: A new series of 2-chloro-3-formyl quinolines derivatives 3-chloro-4-(2-chloro-8/7/6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-1-phenyl amino)azetidin-2-one, 3-chloro-4-(2-chloro-8/7/6-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-(phenylamino) azetidin-2-one, 3-chloro-4-(2-chloro-8/7/6-methylquinolin-3-yl)-1-(phenyl -amino)azetidin-2-one were synthesized by four steps. The cyclization is facilitated by N-aryl acetamides bearing electron donating groups at ortho-position. However yields of quinolines having electron donating groups in all cases. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of physical and spectral data and are screened for diuretic, some of the exhibited significant activity.

Results: The moderate yield of the proposed compounds was obtained. Spectral analysis and physical characteristic showed that the structural confirmation of the quinoline derivatives of the synthesized compounds. Some of the compounds showed lower to moderate level of significant activities.

Conclusion: From the result of spectral data and diuretic activity it has concluded that the compounds were found to exhibited significance activity.

Keywords: 2-chloro-3-formyl-quinoline, Vilsmeier-Haack reagent, N-aryl acetamides, phenyl hydrazine


INTRODUCTION

Quinoline ring structure is obtained by o-condensation of a benzene ring with pyridine. It is also called l-aza naphthalene or benzo [b] pyridine. In quinoline, the nitrogen atom is one atom away from the position at which the rings are fused. The fused quinolines are known to bind with DNA with high affinity, inhibit DNA topoisomerase and display cytotoxic and antitumor activities [1]. Quinoline derivatives have been reported for antimalarial [2], anti-inflammatory [3], antibacterial [4], antifungal [5], anti-hypertensive [6], and antihistamine [7]. It was found that when one dynamic heterocyclic system was coupled with another heterocyclic system enhanced biological activity was produced.

The present investigation was aimed at synthesizing the various substituted phenylamino-azitidin-2-one quinoline derivatives. Various reports describing the synthesis and activities of quinoline coupled to 3-amino-1H-pyrazolo quinolines, 1, 3, 4-thiadiazopino and 3-cyano-2-chloroquinolines at C-3 position have been reported.

A survey of existing literature revealed that there were no reports describing the synthesis and activity of heterocyclic system in which azetidin-2-one moiety has been linked with substituted quinoline nucleus. Hence it is thought worthwhile to synthesize and explore the activity of these compounds.

Synthesis scheme

Step I

Step II

Step III

Step IV

AZT a1-AZT i1

S. No. R S. No. R
a 2-OCH3 a 8-OCH3
b 3-OCH3 b 7-OCH3
c 4-OCH3 c 6-OCH3
d 2-Cl d 8-Cl
e 3-Cl e 7-Cl
f 4-Cl f 6-Cl
g 2-CH3 g 8-CH3
h 3-CH3 h 7-CH3
i 4-CH3 i 6-CH3
Step Ar
III-a1-i1

Experimental section

Melting points were taken in the open capillary tube and are uncorrected. IR spectra were recorded on a FT-IR (Bruker) spectrophotometer, 1HNMR Bruker Avance II 400 MHz instrument using DMSO as solvent and TMS as an internal reference (Chemical shift in δ, ppm). The following abbreviations were used to indicate the position of functional groups in term of stretching and bending (FT-IR), peak multiplicity s-singlet, d-doublet, t-triplet, q-quartet, m-multiplet, dd-doublet of doublet (1HNMR). Reactions were monitored by TLC, using silica gel PF254, 366 as an adsorbent and ethyl acetate-hexane in the different ratio as eluent.

Step I Preparation of acetanilide (a1-i1) [8, 9]

Aniline (5 ml) is dissolved in hydrochloric acid (4.6 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid and 12.5 ml water) in a beaker. To the clear solution are added acetic anhydride (6.5 ml). The mixture is stirred until acetic anhydride has completely reacted. The mixture are immediately poured into a solution of sodium acetate (8.3 gm) in water (25 ml). The solution is stirred and cooled in ice. The separated acetanilide is filtered. It is recrystallized from boiling water (100-125 ml) to which ethyl alcohol has been added (table 1).

Step II Preparation of 2-chloro-3-formyl-quinoline CFQ (a1-i1) [8, 9]

To a solution of acetanilide (N-phenylacetamide) (5 mmoles) in dry DMF (15 mmoles) at 0-5 oC POcl3 (60 mmoles) was added dropwise with stirring and the mixture was then stirred at 80–100 oC for a time ranging between 4-16 hr. The mixture was poured on to crush ice, stirred for 5 min and the resulting solid filtered, washed well with water and dried. The compounds were recrystallized from ethyl acetate. Phosphoryl chloride (commonly called phosphorus oxychloride) is a colorless liquid with the formula POCl3. It hydrolyzes in moist air to phosphoric acid to release choking fumes of hydrogen chloride. It is manufactured industrially on a large scale from phosphorus trichloride and oxygen or phosphorus pentoxide. It is mainly used to make phosphate (table 1).

Step III Preparation of 2-chloro-8-methoxy-3-((2-phenyl-hydrazono) methyl) quinoline (3) (a1-i1)

To a DMF solution of 2-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde 6 mmoles were added aryl hydrazine (phenyl hydrazine 11 mmoles) and refluxed for three hours, and then left to cool to room temperature or the solvent was removed and the separated solid was poured into the water. The precipitated product was filtered, washed well with water and dried (table 1).

Table 1: Characterization data of compounds 2, AZT a1, AZT b1, AZT c1, AZT d1, AZT e1, AZT f1, AZT g1, AZT h1, AZT i1

Compd R

Molecular formula

(mol. Wt.)

m. p.

(oC)

Yield

(%)

FT-IR(KBr)[10-12]

HNMR (DMSO)

(δ, ppm)[10-12]

2 H

C10H6NOCl

(191.61)

144oC 79

1574.14 C=N str

749.25 C–Cl ben

7.3-8.1, m ar H

8.9 Hr, H

4.15CH-Cl, d, 1H

3.35 C=O, d

2.7 CH-N, d

AZT a1 8-OCH3

C19H15Cl2N3O2

(388.672)

285oC 89

2998.81 C–H str

3449.10 N-H str

12.10, s, N-H

9.21, s, 1H, CHO

7.98, s, 1H, CH-4

3.83, s, OCH3

AZT b1 7-OCH3

C19H15Cl2N3O2

(388.672)

241oC 58

1708.05 C=O str

1518.48 C=N str

989.62 CH3O str

10.5, s, 1H, CHO,

8.6, s, 1H, H-4

4.0, s, 3H, OCH3

AZT c1 6-OCH3

C19H15Cl2N3O2

(388.672)

256oC 56

1302.11 C-N str Ar

1108.84 C-N str Al

748.60 C–Cl ben

7.22-8.91,m arH

7.71,d, C=O

AZT d1 8-Cl

C18H12Cl3N3O

(393.652)

153oC 65

3487.00 C–H str Ar

3306.34 N-H str

1748.36 C=O str

7.23, d,C=O

9.45, s, 1H, CH3

AZT e1 7-Cl

C18H12Cl3N3O

(393.652)

254oC 95

3487.00 C–H str Ar

3306.34 N-H str

1748.36 C=O str

1519.21 C = N str

10.2, s,CHO, 1H

7.7, m, 1H, H5

8.5, s, 1H, H-4

AZT f1 6-Cl

C18H12Cl3N3O

(393.652)

213oC 78

1683.89 C=O str

1582.82 C=N str

1471.97 C-N str

1129.12 CH3O str

873.49 C-Cl str

10.8, s, 1H, CHO

8.1, m,1H, H-7

7.6, s,1H, H-5

AZT g1 8-CH3

C19H15Cl2N3O

(373.453)

267oC 75

1708.05 C=O str

1518.48 C=N str

7.76-8.9, m, arH

11.02, s, 1H, CH, Hr

7.23, d, C=O

3.06, s, 3H, OCH3

AZT h1 7-CH3

C19H15Cl2N3O

(373.453)

289oC 57

1683.89 C=O str

1582.82 C=N str

7.31-8.17,m

10.16, s,1H, CH

8.78, s,1H, H-4

7.28,C=Ogroup (d), 1H

3.17, m, CH-N

AZT i1 6-CH3

C19H15Cl2N3O

(373.453)

242oC 78

1748.36 C=O str

1519.21 C = N str

7.40–8.01,m, arH

10.14, s 1H, CH

8.03, s, 1H,H-4

7.50, m, 1H, H-7

6.58, d, C=O


Step IV Preparation of 3-chloro–4-(2-chloro–8-methoxy-quinolin–3-yl)–1-(phenylamino)–azetidin–2-one (AZT a1-AZT i1)

The compound 2-chloro-8-methoxy-3-((2-phenylhydrazono) methyl) quinoline step-III b1 (0.01 mol) was dissolved in DMF (40 ml) and triethylamine (0.02 mol) was added to it. Chloroacetyl chloride (0.02 mol) was added dropwise a period of 30 min. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 hr, and filtered to separate the solid formed. The filtrate was poured on to crushed ice; the product was filtered and recrystallized from ethyl acetate (table 1).

Diuretic activity

The compound AZT a1-AZT i1 tested for their diuretic activity by Lipschitz–value [13], normally healthy male albino wistar rats, weighing between 150–200 gms were used for this study. The animals were divided into 8 groups consisting of six animals in each group. These animals were placed in metabolic cages provided with a wire mesh bottom and a funnel to collect the 24 h urine sample. Stainless–steel sieves are placed in the funnel to retain faeces and to allow the urine to pass. The rats were fed with standard diet and water fifteen hours prior to the experiment food and water were withdrawn. The dosage of the drug administered to different groups was as follows.

Group I

A control group received orally 2.5 ml/gm body weight of dimethylformamide solution.

Group II

The standard group received orally 30 mg/kg body weight of furosemide Loop diuretics Lasix.

Group III–VIII

These groups consist of synthesized compounds AZT a1-AZT i1.

Table 2: Electrolyte excretion and diuretic activity of various synthesized compounds

S. No. Treatment Dose ml/kg/mg/kg Urine volume (ml) 24 h Electrolyte excretion (ME q/lit)
Na+
1. Control 2.5 ml/kg DMF 6.5 ±1.48 106.0 ± 4.56
2. Standard 25 mg/kg 13.8 ± 1.97 * 138.6 ±1.76 **
3. AZT b1 25 mg/kg 5.0 ± 0.95 108.6 ± 3.96
4. AZT c1 25 mg/kg 8.4 1.21 * 126.6 ± 1.97 **
5. AZT d1 25 mg/kg 8.5 ± 1.58 ** 120.3 ± 4.06 **
6. AZT e1 25 mg/kg 4.4 ± 0.68 107.2 ± 2.18
7. AZT f1 25 mg/kg 8.4 ± 1.42 * 125.6 ± 1.98 **
8. AZT g1 25 mg/kg 6.8 ± 0.87 132.0 ± 0.86
9 AZT h1 25 mg/kg 6.0 ± 0.96 118.6 ± 4.96
10 AZT i1 25 mg/kg 4.7± 0.93 121.5 ± 0.96

Standard–Lasix (loop diuretic)** P<0.05 Significant, SEM–Standard Error mean * P<0.01 Significant

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Although many routes have been developed for functionalized quinoline [14], the Vilsmeier approach is found to be among the most efficient for achieving useful transformations and hetero annulations. Thus, in this communication is reported the synthesis of 2-chloro-3-formyl quinolines from the reaction with N-aryl-acetamide with Vilsmeier reagent and transformation of the 2-chloro-3-formyl groups into different functionalities. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra (table 1). The FT-IR spectra of the azetidine fused 2-chloro-3-formyl quinoline derivatives AZT a1-AZT i1 showed absorption bands at about 1748-1708 cm-1characteristic for C=O stretching vibration, 1528-1519 cm-1 for C=N Stretching associated with quinoline, 2927 cm-1for C-H aromatic stretching, 759 cm-1absorption for C-Cl stretching, the absorption band at 3306.34 cm-1for N-N=C vibration provided confirmatory evidence for ring closure. Further support was obtained from the 1HNMR spectra, resonance assigned 10.6 δ (s, 1H, CHO), 8.5 δ (s,1H, H-4), 2.6 δ (s, 3H, CH3) for 6-methyl/7-methyl/8-methyl (2.8 δ, s,3H), 4.0 δ (s, 3H, OCH3) for 6-methoxy/7-methoxy/8-methoxy, 10.7 (s, 1H, CHO), 8.5 (s, 1H, H-4), 7.7 (m, 1H, H-5), 7.5 (s, 1H, H-8), 7.2(m, 1H, H-6), 10.8 (s, 1H, CHO), 8.6 (s, 1H, H-4), 8.1 (m, 1H, H-8), 7.7 (m, 1H, H-7), 7.6 (s, 1H, H-5) for the confirmation of the compounds. Having obtained chloro and formyl group substituted quinolines the possible transformations of these functionalities could afford the new quinolines (AZT a1-AZT i1), which are equally important synthon for the synthesis of fused quinoline systems.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we have described a simple and regioselective synthesis of functionalized quinolines through Vilsmeier cyclisation of N-aryl acetamides. The cyclisation is facilitated by N-aryl acetamides having electron activating groups at ortho-position in the aromatic ring. Increase in urine output a sufficient index for assessing the diuretic effect through estimating the urinary concentration of ions like Na+, K+ and Cl- etc may reveal in specific the ion responsible for the diuretic effect. Tables values reveal that electrolyte excretion and diuretic activity of various synthesized compounds like AZT a1, AZT b1, AZT c1, AZT d1, AZT e1, AZT f1, AZT g1, AZT h1 and AZT i1. Among these compounds significant diuretic activity was observed with compound AZT c1(3-chloro-4-(2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-1-(phenyl-amino) azetidin-2-one), AZTd1(3-chloro-4-(2,8-dichloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-(phenyl-amino)azetidin-2-one, and AZT f1(3-chloro-4-(2,6-dichloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-(phenylamino)azetidin-2-one). Also above mentioned potent diuretic compound produced significant fall in K+excretion compound to control (P<0.001).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are grateful to the LNCP, Bhopal for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this research work, and to the sophisticated instrumentation facilities available at SAIF Lab, Panjab University, Chandigarh for recording the spectra.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

Declare none

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