Int J Curr Pharm Res, Vol 9, Issue 1, 110-113Original Article


ADAPTOGENIC ACTIVE COMPONENT FROM MYXOPYRUM SMILACIFOLIUM

E. N. SIJU1, JOLLY SAMU1*, M. MINIL1, G. R. RAJALAKSHMI2

1Department of Pharmacology, Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Pariyaram Medical College, Kannur 670503, Kerala, India, 2College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
Email: jollyssamu@gmail.com

Received: 24 Sep 2016, Revised and Accepted: 25 Nov 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the adaptogenic active component from the extracts of Myxopyrum smilacifolium.

Methods: The plant extract was undergone different separation technique viz precloumn, HPTLC, etc for isolation of pure compound. Thereafter the pure compound was subjected to IR, NMR, LC-MS for structural elucidation.

Results: Chemical characterization of the adaptogenic fraction by spectroscopy showed iridoid glycoside as major constituents.

Conclusion: The present study showed iridoid glycoside is considered the adaptogenic agents of Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume.

Keywords: Myxopyrum smilacifolium, HPTLC, LCMS, NMR, FTIR

© 2017 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i1.16630

INTRODUCTION

The plant kingdom is a rich source of biologically active agents, revealing various types of pharmacological activities. Herbal formulations have been used for many years globally not only as therapeutic but also as prophylactic and health promotive agents. The universal role of plants in the treatment of disease is exemplified by their employment in all the major systems of medicine irrespective of the underlying philosophical premise. The use of modern isolation techniques and pharmacological testing procedures means that new plant drugs usually find their way into medicine as purified substances rather than in the form of preparations [1]. The medicinal plant contains some organic compounds which produce definite physiological action on the human body and these bioactive substances include tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids and flavonoids [2]. Phytochemical constituents are the basic source for the establishment of several pharmaceutical industries.

Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume (Family-Oleaceae) is an important medicinal plant widely used in indigenous system of medicine in India. The leaves are astringent, acrid, sweet, thermogenic, anodyne, febrifuge and tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of kapha, vata, cough, asthma, rheumatism, nostalgia, consumption, fever, otopathy, neuropathy and cuts and wounds [3, 4]. Earlier the plant has been studied for its antimicrobial [4], antioxidant, wound healing activity [5].

In the present study, the phytochemical constituents have been isolated from the leaves of Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Collection of plant material

The leaves of Myxopyrum Smilacifolium Blume was collected from Agricultural University, Odakkali, Ernakulam, Kerala (India) in the month of September 2013 and authenticated by Dr. Radhika, Govt Ayurvedic College Pariyaram, Kannur. The leaves were dried in the shade at room temperature. The dried leaves were pulverised in a mechanical grinder to obtain a coarse powder.

Extraction and isolation

The dried and powdered materials of the above were subjected to extraction in soxhlet apparatus, using a different solvent with increasing polarity ie, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and ethanol. Evaporation of solvent from the extracts was done by rotary vaccum evaporator. A sticky mass was obtained after evaporation of this solvent. The extracts were stored at 10 °C till further use. The plant extract was undergone different separation technique viz precloumn, HPTLC, etc for isolation of pure compound. Thereafter the pure compound was subjected to IR, NMR, LC-MS for structural elucidation.

Trim Hill colour Test6

Fresh Extract (1 gm), test tube with 5 ml 1% aqueous HCl. After 3-6 hr, 0.1 ml of the macerate is decanted into another tube containing 1 ml of the Trim Hill reagent (10 ml acetic acid, 1 ml of 0.2% CuSO4, 5H2O in water and 0.5 ml con. HCl). The tube is heated for a short time in a flame; a colour is produced if certain iridoid are present.

RESULTS

Ethanol extract of Myxopyrum smilacifolium showed a positive result for the Trim Hill colour Test (test for iridoid glycoside). From LC-MS data, its molecular formula was determined as C14H16O8 (aglycone) and C12H16O8 (fragment). The UV spectrum of the compound displayed an absorption maximum at 239 nm, which is the characteristic of an iridoid skeleton, and FT-IR bands at 3397 and 1725 cm-1, which indicated the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl functionalities, respectively.

Fig. 1: It shows HPTLC of iridoid glycoside


Fig. 2: HPTLC profiles of iridoid glycoside from the ethanol extract of Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume. Illuminations type: 1. 254 nm remission, 2. 366 nm remission, 3. white remission


Fig. 3: It shows LC-MS of iridoid nucleus


Table 1: It shows LC-MS details of Iridoid nucleus

S. No. Mol. formula M. W m/z
C14H16O8(Aglycone) 312 311(M-1)
C12H16O8(Fragment) 288 288 (M+)

Table 2: It shows FTIR details of iridoid glycosides

S. No. Functional group Wave number (in cm-1)
O-H stretching 3397
Aliphatic C-H Stretching 2926
C=O Stretching 1725
C-C Stretching 1642
C=C Stretching 1375
C-O-C Bending 1073

Fig. 4: It shows FTIR of iridoid glycoside


Fig. 5: It shows NMR of iridoid glycoside


Table 3: It shows NMR details of iridoid glycoside

S. No. δ value (ppm) Proton
5.126 (s,RC=CH, 1H)
3.454 (s,COOCH3,3H)
1.042 (t,R3CH,1H)
3.0471 (t,HC-OR,1H)
3.418 (s,R-C=CH,1H)
3.621 (t,HC-OH,1H)
3.806 (s,R-OH, 1H)
1.077 (t,R3-CH, 1H)
3.436 (s,COOCH3,3H)
1.059 (t,R3-CH,1H)
S. No. δ value (ppm) Proton
3.557 (d,RO-CH,1H)
3.643 (d,CH-OR,1H)
3.621 (t,CH-OR,1H)
4.116 (s,RO-H,1H)
3.603 (t,CH-OR,1H)
4.130 (s,R-OH,1H)
4.143 (s,R-OH,1H)
3.595 (t,C-OR.1H)
3.633 (q,CH-OR,1H)
4.156 (s,CH2-OR,2H)

DISCUSSION

The phytochemical investigation was performed with Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume. This showed the presence of an iridoide nucleus. Their structure was established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence, and the proposed structure is given below. Based on the physical and spectroscopic examination the compound may be an iridoid glycoside.

Iridoids are powerful phytochemicals produced by plants as a self-defense mechanism. Iridoids represent a large and still expanding group of cyclopenta [c] pyran monoterpenoids found in a number of folk medicinal plants used as a bitter tonic, sedatives, hypotensives, antipyretics, cough medicines, remedies for wounds and skin disorder. They are also adaptive, which means they can adapt to an environment to safety benefit and function of biological systems. Iridoids have been scientifically proven to eliminate harmful free radicals, maintain cholesterol at already existing normal levels, increase energy, promote heart health, boost the immune system, support DNA and support healthy brain activity. Iridoids have the following properties when consumed as part of a healthy lifestyle nutritional supplement, that support the immune system, protect the liver, DNA, promote joint health, increase energy and endurance, help to maintain healthy HDL cholesterol within already existing normal levels [6-8].

CONCLUSION

In the present investigation, iridoid glycoside has been identified from the ethanolic extract of Myxopyrum smilacifolium by HPTLC LC-MS, FTIR, and NMR. Analytical studies showed the presence of iridoid glycoside; may be the reason for its adaptogenic activity.

However isolation of the individual phytochemical constituents and subjecting to biological activity will definitely give fruitful results. Based on various pharmacological activities observed, most iridoid can be taken on account of an adaptogenic compound that exhibits non-specific resistance against pathologic/abnormal health condition. It could be concluded that Myxopyrum smilacifolium contains mainly adaptogenic compounds.

ABBREVIATION

FT-IR-Fourier transform infra-red, HCl-Hydrochloric acid, HPTLC-High performance thin layer chromatography, NMR-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

Declared none

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