Int J Curr Pharm Res, Vol 12, Issue 3, 87-90Original Article


SCREENING OF MULTI BIOACTIVE METABOLITES PRODUCING MICROORGANISMFROM GARDEN SOIL OF DR. M. G. R EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, CHENNAI

SENTHILRAJR, GEJALAKSHMI S., THARUNKUMAR M., SANTHOSH A., LOKESH V., TANISHA B. A.

Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-77
Email: senthilrajbt@gmail.com

Received: 20 Jan 2020, Revised and Accepted: 19 Mar 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective: Screening of industrial important bioactive metabolites of Antibiotics, hydrolytic enzymes producing microorganism from garden soil of Dr. M. G. R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai.

Methods: Desired ten soil samples taken and were serially diluted. Crowded plate method used for antibiotic-producing microorganism and Starch agar medium and gelatin medium tests were performed for hydrolytic enzymes (Amylase and Gelatinase).

Results: Among the tested soil samples, antibiotic producing microorganisms were not found, but has hydrolytic enzymes amylase and gelatinase. Thus screened soil samples biochemically identified as Bacillus species.

Conclusion: This study concludes that, the collected sample, produced Antibiotic negative result and it’s possess other industrial important hydrolytic enzymes. Thus Screening of more bioactive metabolites producing ability from a single isolate, will be more useful for effective screening.

Keywords: Antibiotic activity, Soil microorganisms, Antimicrobial activity and Hydrolytic enzyme

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i3.38313. Journal homepage: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijcpr

INTRODUCTION

Generally plants, animals and marine sources are used for the discovery of new drugs. The current demands of pharmaceuticals are increased more and wide varieties of drug discoveries are ongoing. So the industrial expenses are huge and consuming time [1]. To fulfill the demands, overcoming snags, challenges and safer economics, microorganisms are widely used as source for new drugs. An enormous variety of bioactive metabolites with different therapeutic properties have been isolated from several microbial species due to their rapid growth, constant and eternal source [2-5]. Although number and species of microbes in soil vary directly with environmental conditions like nutrient availability, soil texture, and type of vegetation cover [6]. Screening of antibiotic from soil would be normally practical [7-9] as well as single sample isolates may not possess a positive activity and microbial origin, meet industrial demand [10]. So in this study, we aimed for screening of industrial important bioactive metabolites antibiotics producing micro-organism along with their isolates possesses any industrial important hydrolytic enzymes (Amylase and Gelatinase) producing ability.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Collections of soil samples

The samples were collected from in and around garden soil of Dr. M. G. R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India. After the removal of 3.0 cm of the soil from the surface, the samples were collected upto 20 cm depth. The soil samples were collected in polyethylene bags, sealed, and stored in a refrigerator. One gm of each soil samples were added to a conical flask containing 100 ml of sterile water. All flasks were shaken for 30 min at below room temperature [11]. These flasks were considered as stock cultures. All chemicals, media, media components, and other reagents were purchased from (USA), Merck (USA), HiMedia Laboratories (India) etc.

Table 1: Soil collected from different area of in and around garden of Dr. M. G. R educational and research institute

Soil Area
Sample I Rhizosphere of coconut tree
Sample II Rhizosphere of palm tree
Sample III Rhizosphere of banyan tree
SampleIV Agricultural field
Sample V Rhizosphere of Guava tree
SampleVI Plantation field near industrial area
SampleVII Rhizosphere of Tamarind tree
SampleVIII Rhizosphere of Papaya tree
Sample IX Rhizosphere of mango tree
Sample X Rhizosphere of Ashoka tree

Reference strain

The Reference bacteria used in this study were obtained from National Chemical laboratory, Pune. They include Bacillus Subtilis (NCIM-2063), Bacillus polymyxa (NCIM-2540), Escherichia coli (NCIM-2345) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCIM-5029), and Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM-2901).

Screening of antibiotic-producing isolates

A series of culture tubes containing 9 ml of sterile water was taken. From the stock culture, 1 ml suspension was transferred aseptically to the tube no: 1 (10-1), mixed well. From the tube no: 1, one ml of suspension was transferred into 2nd tube (10-2), mixed well. Similarly, dilutions up to 10-5 were made. From the highest dilution, 0.1 ml of suspension from each culture tube was spreaded on sterile Soybean casein digest agar plate. The plates were incubated at 37 °C (±2 °C) for 3 to 5 d. The plates were observed intermittently during incubation, a clear zone of inhibition around it grown colonies indicates the antibiotic-producing ability of microorganism [12, 13, 15).

Characterization of isolates

From the above antibiotic screened plates, a well-isolated colonies were taken their biochemical character were studied [13], Thus isolated soil sample mostly contains Bacillus species which is used for further primary screening of Amylase, and Gelatinase producing ability of microorganism.

Screening of enzyme-amylase by starch agar plate method

A loopful of previously isolated strains were streaked over the surface of starch agar plates and incubated for 24-48 h at 37 °C under static condition in an inverted position. After the period of incubation, the plates were flooded with Logul's solution and a clear area (starch hydrolysis) surrounding the bacterial growth showed positive reaction for extracellular amylase secretion. In contrast, absence of clear zone around bacterial colonies was considered as a non-secretion of a-amylase enzyme [12, 13, 16-18).

Screening of enzyme-gelatinase by gelatin liquefaction test

A loopful of previously isolated strains were stabbed over the gelatin agar and incubated for 48h at 35 °C. After the period of incubation, the cultures placed in a refrigerator at 4 °C until the bottom resolidifies. If gelatin was hydrolyzed, the medium will remain liquid after refrigeration. If gelatin was not hydrolyzed, the medium will resolidify during the time it is in the refrigerator [12, 13].

RESULTS

Fig. 1: Growth of microorganism after 48 h incubation at 37 °C in Crowded plate method for screening of antibiotic-producing ability of soil sample 1 to 10

Fig. 2: A clear colourless zone produced around the colonies in starch hydrolysis test

Table 2: Comparison of bioactive metabolites producing ability of the microorganism

S. No. Sample Antibiotics producing ability Amylase producing ability Gelatinase producing ability
Sample I - + +
Sample II - + +
Sample III - + +
Sample IV - + +
Sample V - + +
Sample VI - + +
Sample VII - + +
Sample VIII - + +
Sample IX - + +
Sample X - + +
Control + + +

(+) Present, (-) Absent

Fig. 3: liquefaction of gelatin after placed at 4 °C in gelatin hydrolysis test

DISCUSSION

The randomly selected soil samples for isolation of antibiotic-producing micro-organisms were studied by crowded plate method. All the 10-5 serially diluted ten samples, after 72 h incubation at 37 °C not produced any clear zone around the developed colonies, the growth was found as shown in the fig no: 1. Further to observe the effect of time duration extension, on secondary metabolites antibiotics, producing ability of microorganism were monitored [11, 19, 20] in all the plates which were incubated up to 5 d at 37 °C. Even though the increased incubation period of all soil sample does not have no effect on producing a clear zone, there is no large variation between the 3 d and 5 d kept samples for the antibiotic-producing ability of microorganisms.

Table 3: Biochemical characteristics of the microorganism

S. No. Biochemical character Sample 1 Sample 1 Sample 1 Sample 1 Sample 1 Sample 1 Sample 1 Sample 1 Sample 1 Sample 1 Control
Gram staining + + + + + + + + + + +
Endospore + + + + + + + + + + +
motility + + + + + + + + + + +
Indole test - - - - - - - - - - -
Methyl red - - - - - - - - - - -
VogesProskauer + + + + + + + + + + +
Citrate utilization + + + + + + + + + + +
Oxidase ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
Urease test - - - - - - - - - - -

(+) Positive reaction (-) Negative reaction (±) Variable reaction

From the above table 3 biochemical test all the isolated test samples were confirmed as Bacillus species.

As shown in the fig. 2 Logul's solution flooded starch agar plates produces absence of blue colour around the colonies, which indicate the soil isolate has bioactive metabolite amylase producing ability microorganism. Among the tested microorganism the sample III, IV and IX produces wide clear zone, which indicates the organism has more effect on amylase producing ability. The remaining all samples have moderate effect on amylase producing ability when compared to control.

In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate wild type of gelatinase enzyme-producing strains and their ability was as shown in the fig. 3. all the incubated tubes after maintaining the temperature below 4 °C produced liquefaction which indicates the isolated microorganism has gelatinase enzyme producing ability. The above results clearly showed that the collected sample from different places of garden soil of our institute has large number of gelatinase enzyme producing ability bacteria, which might be due to richness of nutrients.

CONCLUSION

Industries are in a compulsion to fulfill their requirements within shorter duration by using cheaper material. Even though soil source is cheaper, in some cases a single isolates may not possess the specific bioactive metabolites, but the industrial demands are increased huge in size. This study concludes that the collected sample contains absence of Antibiotic isolates, which possess other industrial important bioactive hydrolytic enzymes amylase and gelatinase. So a single organism may possess more number of bioactive metabolites.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The first author Senthilraj. R is thankful to our management of Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, for providing facilities required for the successful completion of the research work.

FUNDING

Nil

AUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS

All the authors have contributed equally

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest

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