International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research

TRADITIONALLY USED MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR WOUND HEALING IN THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2024-06-20T12:11:59+0530

The present study aims to enumerate the ethno-medicinal uses of plants by the Irular communities residing around the Thiruvallur district. The medicinal use of (49) plants belonging to 39 families was identified and recorded by the tribes, along with their botanical identities and methods of drug preparation. The drugs administered locally to heal wounds, including antibiotics, antiseptics, etc., and the necessary information related to the traditional medicinal plants were highlighted in this paper. Wound healing activity is a cellular and biochemical process for restoring the original structure and functions of damaged tissue. The wound may occur from a physical, chemical, thermal, microbial, or immunological insult to the tissues. Various parts of the plants have been in use for several years in tribal communities, traditionally for treating many diseases like skin, colic, sores, cancer, etc. Due to their minimal side effects. The natural agents present in the plants induce wound healing and regeneration from tissue loss by multiple mechanisms. Plant extracts have immense potential for the treatment of wound healing activity. In this review, we focused on the wound healing activity with the pharmacological process of medicinal plants.

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ATLANTIA MONOPHYLLA (AM) EXTRACT

2024-06-19T13:54:15+0530

Objective: Plants have long been recognised for their wide range of biological properties, including antibacterial, analgesic, anticancer, antipyretic, and antihypertensive action. They are also a significant source of several chemicals with biological activity. The Rutaceae family consists of a small shrub Atlantia monophylla. It is available all over India. The leaves were employed as an insect repellent and to alleviate swellings. The root bark has been found to contain atalaphyllinine, atalantin, dehydroatalantin, cycloepiatalantin, and atalaphylline 3, 5-dimethyl ether. Essential oil extracted from the leaves was reported to have antimicrobial properties.

Methods: To evaluate the phytochemicals Standard chemical methods for each o the compounds were used – like Tannins (0.1% ferric chloride), saponins (2 ml of water)/flavonoids (with NaOH), Alkaloids (Drangandooff reagent), protein (Million’s reagent) steroids (10% sulphuric acid), anthraquinones (aqueous ammonia), Phenols (lead acetate), terpenoids, (3% sulphuric acids) Carbohydrates (Benedict’s reagent). Disc plate method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extract

Results: The results of this study identified the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins, steroids, phenols, terpenoids, and carbohydrates in the AM extract. The microbiological studies revealed better inhibitions of microbes compared to standard drugs.

Conclusion: Tannins, flavonoids, proteins, steroids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and alkaloids were extracted from the AM extract. The extract has significant microbiological action.

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE TYPE AND CAUSE OF BLINDNESS/LOW VISION IN APPLICATIONS FOR BLINDNESS CERTIFICATE PRESENTING IN CHAMBA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

2024-06-20T12:23:30+0530

Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence, causes, and socio-economic impacts of visual impairment in the Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh, India. It seeks to identify the major factors contributing to visual disability and the role of literacy and employment status in influencing the lives of the visually impaired.

Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted over a period of one year, enrolling patients from the outpatient department of ophthalmology who were applying for visual disability certification. The study utilized a randomized sampling method and a semi-structured interview along with an examination form for data collection. Ethical approval was obtained, and the study adhered to ICMR and Helsinki Declaration guidelines. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluations, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.

Results: Among the 270 participants evaluated, a higher prevalence of visual impairment was observed in males (n=149) compared to females (n=121), particularly within the age group of 21-40 y. The leading causes of visual disability included Corneal Opacity (16.25%), Retinitis Pigmentosa (15.83%), and Congenital Malformation (14.17%). Furthermore, literacy played a crucial role in employment opportunities, with 75.83% of the literate participants being employed, indicating a significant impact on the socio-economic status.

Conclusion: The study highlights the multifaceted nature of visual impairment in the Chamba District, emphasizing the need for integrated public health strategies to address the identified challenges. Enhancing preventive measures, improving access to healthcare, and supporting rehabilitation services are essential steps towards mitigating the burden of visual impairment.

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF THE INJURY CAUSED BY METALLIC CORNEAL FOREIGN BODY AND ITS OUTCOME AFTER TREATMENT

2024-06-20T12:32:24+0530

Objective: This study aims to investigate the demographic characteristics, occupational background, and injury management of patients presenting with ocular trauma involving metallic corneal foreign bodies (FBs).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of Ophthalmology at Pt JLNGMC, Chamba. Data were collected from consecutive patients over three months. Demographic data, including age, gender, and education level, were analyzed alongside occupational background, injury context, and protective measures. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0, with descriptive statistics utilized to present the results.

Results: The study revealed a predominance of young males (66%) in the 14-29 age group, with the metalwork industry (47%) being the primary sector where injuries occurred, mainly during metal grinding activities (53%). Lack of protective measures, such as temporary removal of eyewear (39%), contributed to the injuries. Notably, 54% of patients did not attempt self-removal of FBs. Superficial corneal FBs accounted for 45% of cases, indicating significant potential for severe injury.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced safety education, rigorous enforcement of protective eyewear usage, and targeted interventions in high-risk occupational sectors to mitigate the prevalence and severity of corneal FB injuries. Addressing these challenges is crucial for preserving vision, reducing healthcare costs, and improving occupational health and safety standards.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRANSDERMAL BUPRENORPHINE PATCH VERSUS TRANSDERMAL DICLOFENAC PATCH FOR POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN ELECTIVE BELOW UMBILICAL SURGERIES

2024-06-20T12:45:21+0530

Objective: Effective postoperative pain management is crucial for recovery and patient satisfaction. This study compares the efficacy and safety of transdermal buprenorphine, an opioid analgesic, with diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), for postoperative pain relief in elective below umbilical surgeries.

Methods: Hundred patients undergoing elective below-umbilical surgeries were randomized into two groups to receive either a transdermal buprenorphine patch or a diclofenac patch. Pain scores using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), functional recovery assessed by the WOMAC Index, and patient satisfaction were measured at baseline, 1 w, 2 w, and 4 w post-application.

Results: Both groups showed significant pain reduction over time. However, at 1 and 2 W post-application, the diclofenac group exhibited greater pain relief (p<0.001) and higher patient satisfaction. By the 4 w, differences in pain scores and WOMAC Index between the groups were not statistically significant, indicating similar long-term efficacy.

Conclusion: While both transdermal buprenorphine and diclofenac patches are effective for postoperative pain management, diclofenac patches offer superior short-term relief and patient satisfaction. Tailoring pain management strategies to individual patient needs and recovery phases is essential for optimizing postoperative care.

COMPLICATIONS OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN CHILDREN UP TO 12 Y OF AGE

2024-06-20T12:51:08+0530

Objective: Mechanical ventilation has been proven to be lifesaving and has significantly reduced mortality in the pediatric population. Despite its life-saving advantages, mechanical ventilation is associated with complications. The study aimed to assess the complications of mechanical ventilation in children up to 12 y of age admitted to the intensive care unit.

Methods: The present descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 children aged between 0 to 12 y, who were mechanically ventilated for>48 h. Patients were observed daily until the desired result was achieved and were checked to look for complications or negative effects of mechanical ventilation.

Results: The majority of subjects belonged to<1 mo of age (77.58%) whereas the maximum number of patients were male (64.24%). In 77.58% of patients, the indication for mechanical ventilation was respiratory failure. The duration of ventilation in 62.43% of patients was>7 d. A total of n=62 (37.58%) patients had ventilator-associated complications. The most common complication was ventilator-associated pneumonia (n=30, 48.38%). The mean hospital stay was found to be 22.88±7.96 d. Whereas the mean hospital stay in patients without complications was significantly less compared to patients with complications (18.57±10.09 d vs 27.19±5.83 d, P=0.00015). The mortality rate was found to be 47.27%.

Conclusion: Respiratory cause was the most common indication for mechanical ventilation. The most common complication was ventilator-associated pneumonia. The subjects with complications had prolonged hospital stays.

STUDY OF CLINICAL PROFILE OF PSEUDO-EXFOLIATION SYNDROME AND PSEUDO-EXFOLIATION CATARACT IN A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE HOSPITAL IN WESTERN ODISHA

2024-06-20T12:56:41+0530

Objective: The pseudo-exfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by the deposition of fibrillary materials around the blood vessels of organs. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the actual prevalence of PEX in Western Odisha and the characteristics of cataracts in those PEX patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 340 OPD patients and was conducted between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, at Hitech Medical College and Hospital. The prevalence of PEX and cataracts was studied. The data was analyzed using basic descriptive statistics and reported in frequencies and percentages.

Results: The study showed 74 patients out of 340 were diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, with a prevalence of 23%. 42 patients (58%) were male and 32 (42%) were female, with a M: F ratio of 1.3:1. The mean age of presentation was 67 y (range 51–84 y), and the majority of patients (41%) were in the age group of 61–70 y. The increased intraocular pressure was noticed in 11 cases (15%) in our study. Two patients each had open-angle glaucoma and lens-induced glaucoma. Nuclear cataract was the most common type of cataract observed in 27% of the study group, followed by cortical cataract with nuclear sclerosis in 19% of cases.

Conclusion: It is concluded that pseudo-exfoliation syndrome is more common in males than in females, with a higher number of patients in the age group of 81 y and older. Therefore, it can be assumed that it is associated with the age factor. Nuclear cataract was the most common type of cataract observed in our study population.

PREVALENCE OF ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA AND ITS MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE IN PREGNANCY AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JABALPUR

2024-06-20T13:02:10+0530

Objective: To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), microbiological profile, and pregnancy outcome in asymptomatic pregnant women.

Methods: Pregnant women attending outpatient clinic were selected randomly. Urine sample by clean catch method collected and battery of tests were performed. Prevalence of ASB and pregnancy outcome studied.

Results: Total 114 pregnant women were studied, out of which 6 cases were positive for urine culture. Prevalence rate in our study found to be 5.3%. Study depicted that 33.4% women with asymptomatic bacteriuria had premature rupture of membranes, 16.7 % women had pre-eclampsia and 16.7% had severe anemia. 50 % babies were premature, 33.4% had fetal growth restriction and 16.7% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are common during pregnancy. Asymptomatic bacteriuria can progress to pyelonephritis and may result in adverse pregnancy outcome. Prevalence rate found to be 5.3%. Premature rupture of membranes and premature births were major adverse pregnancy outcome. E. coli was most common bacterial isolate found in the study and was highly sensitive to cefuroxime sodium. Pregnancy complications may be avoided by using regular screening with urine cultures.

EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERCUTANEOUS PINNING VS. COLLES’ CAST IN UNSTABLE DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOME

2024-06-20T14:12:33+0530

Objective: Distal radius fractures are among the most prevalent orthopedic emergencies, significantly impacting patient quality of life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of closed reduction with percutaneous pinning (CRPP) versus Colles’ cast application (CRCI) in managing unstable distal radius fractures.

Methods: A prospective, randomized comparative study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, involving 80 patients with unstable distal end radius fractures. Participants were systematically randomized into two groups for treatment with CRPP or CRCI. Functional and radiological outcomes were assessed using the Mayo Wrist Score, the Modified Gartland and Werley Scoring System, the Green and O’Brien Score, and Sarmiento’s Modification of lindstrom Criteria.

Results: The study found significant improvements in radial length, radial inclination, and volar tilt in the CRPP group compared to the CRCI group. The CRPP group demonstrated superior radiological outcomes and functional recovery metrics, indicating enhanced effectiveness over CRCI in managing unstable distal radius fractures.

Conclusion: Closed reduction with percutaneous pinning offers better radiological alignment and functional recovery than Colles’ cast application in the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures, suggesting it as a preferable treatment strategy.

STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT STUDENTS OF NAVODAYA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

2024-06-20T14:25:49+0530

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered to be the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The objective of this study was to calculate the prevalence of PCOS in Navodaya group of institutions based on Rotterdam criteria.

Methods: A prospective study of 500 girls of Navodaya group of institutions (school, medical, dental, and nursing, pharmacy, physiotherapy and engineering students) aged 13 to 25 y who underwent clinical examination. Out of which, 68 girls with oligomenorrhea and/or hirsutism were invited for biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS by Rotterdam criteria.

Results: Out of 500 girl students, 68 girls satisfied Rotterdam’s criteria for PCOS. Under the Rotterdam criteria, the estimated prevalence of PCOS in adolescent and young adult students was 13.6%.

Conclusion: Prevalence of PCOS in adolescent and young adult students of Navodaya Group of Institutions was 13.6%. This draws attention to the issue of early diagnosis in adolescent girls.

ASSESSMENT OF EYE DROP INSTALLATION TECHNIQUE AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING OUTPATIENT CLINIC AT PT. JLNGMC, CHAMBA

2024-06-20T15:04:34+0530

Objective: A good eye drops installation technique and its knowledge is vital for curing eye ailments and preventing eye from harmful effects of over-dose and under-dose of drugs. The current study assessed the eye drop installation technique and corrected it by imparting them education regarding the same.

Methods: A total of 120 patients were enrolled in the cross-sectional study using consecutive sampling technique till the sample size was achieved in a tertiary care hospital. The participants were observed by the trained observers for their steps of technique for installing eye drops and the errors were noted which were corrected by the observers and followed up till 3 visits to observe a change in the steps of technique.

Results: The mean age of study participants was 41.44±15.4 y. Majority of them were in the age group 18-30 y (35%), females (55.8%), and belonging to upper middle socio-economic status (31.7%). Majority of study participants had 6/6 VA in right eye (65%) and left eye (61.7%). “Drop land on first attempt” and “direct bottle towards eyes” showed maximum improvement of 45.8% each followed by “tilt head while putting” showed 45 % improvement between 1^st visit and 3^rd visit. “Trouble putting drops” showed least improvement by 20% between 1^st and 3^rd visit. All the favorable ophthalmic practices showed a statically significant (<0.05) increase in their proportion in each visit.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of errors while installing eye drops among participants were observed which were improved by educating them about right steps, as observe in follow up visits.

TO STUDY THE FUNCTIONAL AND RADIOLOGICAL OUTCOMES OF ANKLE ARTHRODESIS WITH CORTICOCANCELLOUS SCREW FIXATION VS INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING

2024-06-20T15:58:49+0530

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes of ankle arthrodesis using corticocancellous screw fixation vs intramedullary nailing.

Methods: In our study, 22 cases underwent the procedure. This evaluation was performed based on preoperative radiologic data and at postoperative clinical visits at 2 months, 6 months, and 12 mo required postoperatively. Radiologic outcomes were measured by: (1) Rate of union, (2) Rate of adjacent joint arthritis, and (3) Alignment of the ankle joint. Functional outcomes were measured by using the AOFAS score (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score). The patients' Subjective assessments were done using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT).

Results: The angle between the tibia's long axis and a line parallel to the talus's long axis is determined in the AP projection. The mean angle was 89.6 degrees (85-100 degrees) in the intramedullary nailing group (IMN group) and 91.4 degrees in the corticocancellous screw group (CC screw). The angle between the tibia's long axis and a line that is perpendicular to the talus’s long axis. The mean angle was 40.5 degrees (30-45 degrees) in the IMN group and 41.6 degrees in the CC screw group. The mean AOFAS score (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score) was 83.25 in the IMN group and 80.5 in the other group. The mean Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score was 28 in the IMN group and 27.5 in the other group. All the cases showed bony union except one case, the average time taken for the union was 18.5 w in the IMN group and 20.5 w in the CC screw group.

Conclusion: According to our study, all of the patients with normal angles between the tibia's long axis and a line perpendicular to the talus's long axis were obtained in the AP projection, and the angle between the tibia's long axis and a line that is perpendicular to the talus’s long axis. These patients also showed better Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and AOFAS (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society) scores in both comparison groups.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY VERSUS LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

2024-06-20T16:04:40+0530

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) versus open cholecystectomy (OC) in terms of surgery duration, blood loss, postoperative discomfort, hospital stay length, cost-effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. It also assesses differences in primary outcomes, such as mortality, complications, and symptom relief, as well as secondary outcomes, including conversion rates, operative time, and recovery.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study involving 200 patients aged 10-70 with symptomatic gallstones confirmed via ultrasonography at Somani Hospital, Jaipur, from July 2021 to August 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo either lC or OC. We collected data on surgical duration, blood loss, postoperative pain, hospitalization period, and complications, among other variables. Statistical analysis was performed using software tools.

Results: Our study involved 200 patients, predominantly female (77%). The average duration of lC was shorter (67.37 min) compared to OC (93.95 min). lC patients had a shorter average hospital stay (2.8 d) compared to OC patients (5.1 d). The conversion rate from lC to OC was 6%, primarily due to anatomical and technical challenges. Complications were significantly lower in lC (17%) compared to OC (28%).

Conclusion: lC is more efficient, entails fewer complications, and leads to a quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay compared to OC, supporting its preference in surgical practice for eligible patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. The lower rate of complications and shorter recovery time suggest that lC should be the standard care for cholecystectomy where feasible.

LIMBERG FLAP VERSUS BASCOM CLEFT LIFT TECHNIQUES FOR SACROCOCCYGEAL PILONIDAL SINUS

2024-06-20T16:13:08+0530

Objective: The study aims to evaluate and compare the outcomes of two surgical techniques, the limberg flap and Bascom cleft lift, used in the treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus. Key metrics for comparison include postoperative complications, hospital stay duration, and surgery duration.

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at ESIC Hospital, Jaipur, involving 100 patients diagnosed with sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus requiring surgical intervention. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I underwent the Bascom cleft lift procedure (n=40), and Group II underwent the limberg flap technique (n=60). Both groups were evaluated over a period of one and a half years with preoperative assessments and postoperative follow-ups for complications, duration of surgery, and length of hospital stay.

Results: The study included 40 patients in the Bascom group (42.5% male, 57.5% female) and 60 in the limberg group (55% male, 45% female). The average surgery duration was significantly shorter for the Bascom procedure (36.73±6.52 min) compared to the limberg flap (74.58±10.10 min). Postoperative complications were higher in the limberg flap group. The Bascom cleft lift patients experienced shorter hospital stays and fewer postoperative issues, including lower rates of discharge and infection.

Conclusion: The Bascom cleft lift procedure appears to be superior to the limberg flap in terms of shorter operative time, fewer complications, and quicker recovery. These findings suggest that the Bascom cleft lift could be a more efficient and safer option for the surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus, promoting faster patient recovery with fewer postoperative complications.

IN SILICO DOCKING STUDY OF HERBAL COMPOSITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS FOR COMMON RESPIRATORY DISEASES THEREOF

2024-06-20T17:04:17+0530

Objective: The present study aims to develop a novel mouth dissolving tablets containing a combination of herbal extracts and a bioactive constituent and evaluating it for activity against common respiratory diseases (in silico studies).

Methods: Docking study was done to provide a scientific foundation, keeping the traditional knowledge as a base. Four trial batches were developed. The final batch was then formulated and various pre and post-compression and assays were performed to evaluate the formation of good quality of product. The final batch was prepared by the method of direct compression and taken for accelerated stability studies.

Results: The final batch containing 10 % active ingredients, 7.5 % super-disintegrant and 47 % diluent was found to be stable, easily producible and economic.

Conclusion: This research work grasps possibilities for researchers in the development and evaluation of mouth-dissolving tablets with significant bioactive potential against common respiratory diseases.

PREVALENCE OF KELL BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM IN BLOOD DONORS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN NORTHWESTERN INDIA

2024-06-20T17:14:16+0530

Objective: The Kell blood group system is amongst one of the clinically significant blood group system in blood transfusion, consisting of different types of antigens with high immunogenicity which can be a potential cause of serious transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn. Knowledge of the antigenic frequency is crucial to assess the risk of alloimmunisation and to guide the probability of finding antigen-negative donor blood, which can be useful for a patient with corresponding or multiple red cell alloantibodies.

Methods: This is a retrospective study which was done at Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur over a period of one year from 1^st Jan to 31^st Dec 2020. During the study period, blood both voluntary donors as well as replacement donors were typed for Kell antigens by automated red cell antigen typing by capture-R technology in neo immucor.

Results: A Total of 9677(Nine Thousand Six Hundred Seventy Seven) Blood donors were typed for Kell Antigens. Out of these 9677 samples, 288 were Positive for Kell positive (K+) resulting in overall frequency of Kell (K) Antigen as 2.9%.

Conclusion: This is the first study that set out to determine the prevalence of Kell antigens among Blood Donors in Northwestern India. These results appear to be useful in providing better care for patients by implementing tests that should become a routine in blood banks. The Kell system is very important in Transfusion medicine practice.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF P-DRUG IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL.

2024-06-21T12:30:23+0530

Objective: Postgraduates represent the future generation of practitioners and there aren't many studies on the P-drug idea that specifically target them. Hence, we have taken up this study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of P-drug among the postgraduates.

Methods: A prospective observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. Participants' responses were gathered using a pre-validated questionnaire. It evaluated participants' understanding of the P-drug concept, attitudes about P-drugs as treatments for illnesses, and actual P-drug prescribing behaviours. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 was used to analyze data after compiling data in the Excel sheet.

Results: Out of 230 participants, majority were the females (67.8%). 63% of participants were aware of the “rational use of medicines,” and around 57% of them knew about the P-drug concept. 44.8% were aware of STEP criteria which is applied to select P-drug. Only 66 were practising with the P-drug list and the majority of them opined that teaching programmes are necessary to create awareness about the practice of the P-drug.

Conclusion: It is encouraging that the current study's findings point to reasonable drug usage rather than irrational use. The P-drug idea is a useful instrument for enhancing medical treatment and encouraging ethical drug usage. Furthermore, additional research has to be done to determine how P-drug use affects patient outcomes and healthcare expenditures over the long run.

THE USE OF SUBCISION IN CONJUNCTION WITH FRACTIONAL CARBON DIOXIDE LASER TO IMPROVE ATROPHIC ACNE SCARS

2024-06-21T16:00:04+0530

Objective: Acne is a prevalent skin condition affecting a wide range of age groups, often leading to severe scarring if left untreated. The use of subcision combined with fractional CO₂ laser therapy has been posited as a potentially more effective treatment method for atrophic acne scars compared to standalone laser treatment.

Methods: This clinical trial was conducted at Asha Derma Clinic, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, from 30^th March 2023 to 30^th March 2024. Thirty patients with ice pick and rolling-type atrophic acne scars were enrolled. Participants were treated on one side of their face with five sessions of fractional CO₂ laser and on the other side with one session of subcision with fractional CO₂ laser combined with four sessions of fractional CO₂ laser alone. Outcomes were assessed through scar improvement and patient satisfaction at 1, 2, and 6 mo post-treatment, with data analysis performed using ANOVA and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Results: Significant improvements were observed in both recovery levels and patient satisfaction. The combined method showed higher recovery percentages (40-65%, Mean±SD: 54.7±7) compared to the laser alone (30-55%, Mean±SD: 43±11.1), with a p-value of 0.0005. Patient satisfaction also favored the combined method (1.8-3, Mean±SD: 6.6±1.2) over laser treatment alone (1.6-4, Mean±SD: 5.2±1.8), with a p-value of 0.0007.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that subcision combined with fractional CO₂ laser therapy significantly enhances recovery levels and patient satisfaction in the treatment of atrophic acne scars, suggesting a robust advantage of integrating both treatments.

PREVALENCE OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG YOUNG WOMEN WHO ATTENDED TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, VISAKHAPATNAM

2024-06-21T17:26:46+0530

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of PCOS among young adults attended to medical OP in a Tertiary care teaching hospital.

Materials: It is a retrospective study conducted in a Tertiary care teaching hospital, Visakhapatnam using existing records in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The study was conducted from July 2021 to July 2023. The study population includes young adults of age in between 18-30 y. PCOS was defined by Rotterdam's criteria having presence of any two of the three features. Hormonal assays were conducted using immunoradiometric assay for TSH, LH, FSH.

Results: Majority of the PCOS cases 39% were reported in the age group of 26-30 Y. Among the 100 cases reported, the majority of them are reported with menstrual irregularity 62%. However, it was identified from the results that the mean values of cholesterol and triglycerides levels are quite higher suggested hyperlipidemia. The hormonal levels of TSH, LH and FSH were normal.

Conclusion: Although the overall frequency of PCOS is low and evaluating PCOS in young adults can be difficult, the condition is becoming more common at this age. Changes in lifestyle are essential at this age to avoid long-term metabolic and reproductive issues.

PREVALENCE OF ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN ANTENATAL WOMEN ATTENDING TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL-A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2024-06-21T17:54:42+0530

Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy due to anatomical changes and physiological adaptations during pregnancy. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the significant presence of bacteria in the urine of an individual without symptoms. Untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy predisposes to symptomatic UTI in 25% of infected women. Screening of antenatal women help in early diagnosis and treatment of ASB and thus to prevent maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of UTI in pregnant women and to study the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of uropathogens.

Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months and midstream urine specimens were collected from 480 pregnant females and were processed by standard protocols. All subjects were clinically identified to have no signs and symptoms of UTI. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done as per CLSI guidelines.

Results: Prevalence rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria was seen 10% in pregnant women. Majority of the culture-positive patients belonged to the age group of 26-30 y (31.25%). 70.84% were Gram-negative isolates and 29.16% were Gram-positive organisms. The commonest pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli (33.33%). In the present study, Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production was seen in (20.58%) isolates, and Metallo Beta-Lactamase (MBL) production was seen in (17.64%) isolates.

Conclusion: This study reveals the importance of screening of pregnant women for UTI. Emerging multi-drug resistance seen in uropathogens emphasizes the need to rationalize use of antibiotics, which eventually prevent development of resistant strains.

BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL

2024-06-21T18:07:28+0530

Objective: Surgical site infections (SSI) are defined as infections occurring within 30 or 90 d after surgical operation or within 1 y, if an implant is left in place after procedure and affecting either incision or deep tissues at the operation site. SSI is one of the quality indicators of the healthcare system. Due to advent of newer antibiotics and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, SSI requires reappraisal of the microbiological flora and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern. The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence etiology of SSI, and determine their Antibiogram.

Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted for a period of three months from January 2024 to March 2024. A total of fifty swabs/pus specimens from various types of surgical sites suspected to be infected on clinical grounds were collected from the post-operative wards of surgical departments and processed in Microbiology laboratory. Isolation and identification of bacterial agents were done as per standard protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method.

Results: Out of 50 samples, 32 were culture-positive. 87.50% showed monomicrobial growth and 12.50% showed polymicrobial growth. Analysis of bacterial profile shows Staphylococcus aureus (27.77%) was the predominant isolate, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.44%) and Escherichia coli (19.44%). Antibiogram of gram-positive isolates showed sensitivity to Teicoplanin, Vancomycin, and linezolid, whereas gram-negative isolates were sensitive to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam and levofloxacin.

Conclusion: Status of SSI is the main quality indicators of hospital infection control and prevention measures. Continuous surveillance on etiology and antibiogram of SSI is necessary to monitor antimicrobial resistance and guide in empirical treatment.

APPLICATION OF VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF METAXALONE AND DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM IN PLASMA

2024-06-21T18:19:27+0530

Objective: The present investigation demonstrates a simple, sensitive and accurate high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of metaxalone (MTX) and Diclofenac potassium (DIC) in plasma by using Valsartan (VSN) as internal standard.

Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved within 10 min by using methanol: potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 4.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid (60:40) as mobile phase on Altima Grace Smart C-18 column (5μ; 250×4.6 mm) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with injection volume 25µl. The drug was extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using methanol as a solvent. The retention times of drugs (MTX and DIC) and internal standard were found to be 5.83, 9.65 and 11.79 min, respectively. This method was validated as per United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) guidelines.

Results: The results of the validation parameters were found to be within the acceptance limits. The method was linear in the concentration range from 25-1000 ng/ml (r²= 0.9998) and the extraction recovery was found to be 77.06% for MTX and 78.37% for DIC. The lower limit of quantification was found to be 25ng/ml and the stability of recovered samples at different conditions were found to be more than 95% for both the drugs.

Conclusion: The developed method possesses good selectivity specificity, there was no interference found in the plasma blanks at retention times of MTX and DIC. We found good correlation between the peak area and concentration of the drug under prescribed conditions. Furthermore, the method can also be used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of MTX and DIC simultaneously.

TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CD4+T CELL COUNT AND VIRAL LOAD AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2024-06-22T16:57:25+0530

Methods: The present study was a prospective study conducted from April 2022 to March 2023 in 4551 patients. Samples of 238 patients newly diagnosed with HIV attending Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India and registered for Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) were taken. 5 ml of blood sample was collected aseptically and tested for HIV. The 238 HIV-positive samples were tested for CD4 counts at presentation and after 6 mo using flow cytometry (Sysmex Partec CyFlow Flow cytometer). They were further subjected to real-time RT-PCR to detect viral load at 6 mo follow-up.

Results: Out of 238 HIV-positive cases, predominant gender being males with 140 (58.82%) and the predominant age group was 31-40 y. At 6 mo follow-up, 19 patients (8%) were diagnosed as having TB. The mean CD4 counts at baseline and after 6 mo of antiretroviral therapy (ART)) was 296±229 and 436±271 cells/mm³ (p value of<0.001) for entire study group. The mean baseline CD4 count in patients who were not diagnosed with TB at the time of follow-up and those who were diagnosed as having developed TB was 307±232 cells/mm³and 167±135 cells/mm³ respectively. At six mo follow-up, 32(14.6%) HIV patients who did not develop TB and 8(42.1%) patients who developed TB still had their CD4 counts<200 cells/mm³. This was statistically significant with a p value=0.019. Significant difference was not found between the two subgroups as the HIV-only group had 192(87.7%) patients and 16(84.2%) patients from newly diagnosed TB patients had their viral loads below detection levels.

Conclusion: low CD4 counts at the baseline was a high-risk factor for the development of tuberculosis in HIV patients. The viral load values at 6-month follow-up did not prove to be significantly linked to the development of tuberculosis.

MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION OF FORAMEN OVALE IN DRY ADULT SKULL OF INDIAN POPULATION WITH CLINICAL CORRELATIONS

2024-06-22T17:04:42+0530

Objective: The present study aim is to evaluate morphology and morphometric measurements of foramen Ovale present in the Greater wing of Sphenoid bone of the Middle Cranial fossa of the Skull base, using Digital sliding Vernier caliper. The anatomical knowledge of Foramen Ovale and it’s variations are of great help to neurosurgeons, oncologists and radiologists while performing any diagnostic and surgical interventions into and nearby foramen to deal with unavoidable complications as Tic douloureux.

Methods: This study was done in 35 dried Human skulls taken from the Department of Anatomy, GBCM, Dehradun, India. The length and the width of the Foramen Ovale were measured. The different shapes of the foramen were also seen. All data collected was subjected to Statistical analysis using Student’s T-test.

Results: In the present study, Incidence of Oval shape foramen Ovale was maximum, followed by Elongated shape. There were no statistical differences between the mean length and mean width on the two sides of Foramen Ovale.

Conclusion: The vast knowledge of different shapes and sizes of foramen Ovale to Neurosurgeons and Oncologists helps to operate with least invasive procedures to avoid clinical manifestations.

STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF SCRUB TYPHUS IN ACUTE FEBRILE ILLNESS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, VISAKHAPATNAM

2024-06-22T17:15:54+0530

Objective: Re-emergent cases of rickettsial disease, the scrub typhus is seen prevalent in cases of acute febrile illness. The objective of this study was to study the magnitude and prevalence of scrub typhus in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This prospective study was carried on for a period of one year from February 2023 to February 2024. Inpatients between the age group of 16 to 25 y with a triad of fever for more than 5 d of onset with or without an eschar, headache, myalgia and abnormal haematological and biochemical parameters were included in the study. IgM ELISA for scrub typhus was performed.

Results: Prevalence of scrub typhus in this study was 9.4% with higher male preponderance of 69.4% in 18 y age group 28.6%. Positive cases were recorded higher during post monsoon season of September 18.9%. Co-infection with dengue and malaria observed in 2 cases and ARDS was the complication in 3 cases. No mortality in this study.

Conclusion: It is important to get familiar with the clinical and diagnostic laboratory findings of scrub typhus so as to differentiate it from other aetiologies of acute febrile illness.

BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI ISOLATED FROM ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE SECRETIONS AND TRACHEAL ASPIRATES FROM PATIENTS ON MECHANICAL VENTILATION: A HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2024-06-22T17:35:21+0530

Objective: Nosocomial infections have become a serious threat to mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. Major risk factor among critically ill patients is excessive use of invasive devices like Endotracheal tube (ET) and tracheal intubation. The development of biofilm and their subsequent dislodgement aids in lung colonization and may cause Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) [1].

Methods: Present study was conducted on ET tube tips and Tracheal aspirates received in microbiological laboratory from various ICU’s (Medical, surgical and pediatric) in Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam over a period of one year from September 2022 to August 2023. A total of 116 samples were processed according to standard protocols and Antibiotic Susceptible Testing (AST) was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar as per CLSI guidelines.

Results: In total, 116 samples were processed. ET tube tips were 76/116 and tracheal aspirates were 40/116, with males (69/116) outnumbered females (47/116). Out of a total of 116 samples, 72 (62%) were culture-positive and 44 (38%) were sterile. Acinetobacter spp. was the most common pathogen among 72 culture positives (31/72, 43%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20/72, 28%), Pseudomonas spp. (13/72, 18%) and Escherichia coli (8/72, 11%). A total of 11 (11/72, 15%) GNB were found as multi-drug resistant. The multi-drug resistant GNB isolated were Acinetobacter (6/72), Klebsiella (3/72) and Pseudomonas (2/72). Meropenem is the most susceptible antibiotic, followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam.

Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that most commonly isolated pathogen was Acinetobacter spp. Most of these isolates were sensitive to Carbapenem and BLBLI combination drugs. Microbial persistence and impaired response to the treatment were more frequent, when multi-drug resistant organisms were present. Hence a local combined antibiotic approach, based on bacteriological profile and AST is essential to initiate empirical therapy which will minimize the bacterial colonization and prevent the incidences of VAP.

ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY OF LEFT EXTERNAL EAR: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN MEDICAL STUDENTS OF UDAIPUR, RAJASTHAN

2024-06-24T12:17:24+0530

Objective: The human ears are specific to an individual because the auricle is also a distinctive feature of a person like other identification features so it is used in various areas of science like forensic medicine, anthropology, and biology. The ear lobule is the last part of the auricle to develop.

Methods: This study was carried out among 100 students (50 Male and 50 Female) with age range from 18 to 25 years. The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Results: Total ear length and ear width were significantly higher in male than female (p value<0.0001) in this study. Lobule length and lobule width of left ear were compared by independent t-test, it was found nonsignificant (p value 0.5706) and significantly higher in male than female (p 0.0017) respectively. The mean value of lobule index of left ear was found significant with higher value in male while the mean value of ear index of left ear was found nonsignificant.

Conclusion: Results according to genders who participated in the study where all dimensions (total ear length, ear width, lobule width and lobule index) were higher in male as compared to the female subjects. Although there was no significant difference observed in lobule length and ear index of left ear of male and female subjects.

ESTIMATION OF STATURE FROM NASAL HEIGHT IN MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS IN UDAIPUR

2024-06-24T12:24:54+0530

Objective: Stature refers to a person's height when standing upright. It is a vital measure of physical identity. In archaeological operations or forensic exams following a mass disaster, height is estimated using rudiments or bone pieces for identification. In order to determine stature, separate regression formulae should be developed for each population group.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Anatomy, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Umarda, and Udaipur. A total of 110 students (55 males and 55 females) aged between 18 to 25 y, participated in this study. Those with craniofacial defects were excluded from study. Height was measured from vertex to floor by stadiometer.

Results: The study showed that in males mean values are significantly higher than females for both nasal height as well as stature; nasal height in (male 48.54±3.584 mm; female 46.75±3.763 mm) and stature in (male 170.3±7.902 cm; female 159.61±5.383 cm). In total student’s as well as in males and females, nasal height had a weak positive linear relationship with stature; r=0.283 in total students, r=0.222 for male and r=0.123 for female. The regression equation for stature and nasal height was found to be Y=134.053+0.648× nasal height for total students, Y=146.487+0.496×nasal height for males, Y=151.328+0.177× nasal height for females.

Conclusion: The observed correlation is statistically significant in total students (p value<0.05) but not significant in males and females (p value>0.05). Overall nasal height had a weak positive linear correlation with stature.

HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION IN A PERIPHERAL REMOTE LOCATION HOSPITAL: A EVIDENCE BASED STUDY

2024-06-22T17:08:41+0530

Objective: The organisation of the human society has undergone a unique transition throughout the last decades. With the rise of ever growing technologization and disruptive innovations, populations also demand more social and environmental initiatives from firms and governments. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) member states agreed upon a 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Developing a sustainable UHC is decisive to ensure better economic prospects and social equality across socioeconomic classes. This can be achieved by lowering the barriers to access health services to the most vulnerable groups and improve mortality and disability rates in the potential workforce.

Methods: The present study was conducted in a remote location defence hospital catering to the health care needs of serving personnel of Indian armed forces and civilians residing in this peripheral area. The basic specialties including Obstetrics, paediatrics, medicine and general surgery are provided at this centre 24*7 by the dedicated medical officers of Indian Armed forces.

Results: Sustainability of care continuously evolves towards becoming a major factor for public healthcare organisations, and more accountability will likely be demanded of managers to deliver on each aspect of its triple bottom line. This study shows that prevention and patient empowerment both carry great potential to attain this objective.

Conclusion: It is necessary to set priorities and act according to available resources and organisational vision. The central threats to sustainability of public health care welfare systems in peripheral hospitals identified, namely the ageing population and rise in chronic diseases. UHC at a meso and micro level, could provide a much better rationale for scholars to evaluate the need for change, and contribute to draft more inclusive sustainable strategies.

TREATMENT OUTCOME OF TUBERCULOSIS CASES AMONG PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN

2024-06-21T16:10:01+0530

Objective: This study aimed to identify drug-resistant tuberculosis cases and treatment results. Because it is one of the few studies that have looked at the results of TB treatment among children in the nation, this one was noteworthy.

Methods: Drug-resistant cases of paediatric TB were recruited from various districts of Western Rajasthan. Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by line Probe Assay. The cases were followed up for treatment.

Results: A total of 41 drug-resistant TB cases were evaluated. Out of 41, 21 were rifampicin mono-resistant, 8 were isoniazid mono-resistant, MDR and pre-XDR were 5 each, and XDR cases were 2. 19 cases were successfully cured and there was one death reported during treatment.

Conclusion: Cure rate of paediatric TB is less than 50% in our region. Adherence to treatment and contact isolation are crucial to increase cure rate and decrease the incidence of drug-resistant TB.

EFFECT OF BEVEL DIRECTION OF THE ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE ON THE PROPORTION OF CASES DEVELOPING EPISTAXIS DURING NASOTRACHEAL INTUBATION-A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED INTERVENTIONAL STUDY

2024-06-21T17:33:02+0530

Objective: Nasotracheal intubation is associated with a number of complications, most commonly nasal trauma or epistaxis. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of conventional versus cephalad direction of the bevel of endotracheal tube on the development of epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation.

Methods: A total of 74 adults aged 18 to 50 y posted for surgeries requiring nasotracheal intubation were randomly divided into group A (Conventional) and group B (Interventional). After induction of anesthesia, in group a bevel direction of thermo softened PVC endotracheal tube was towards the nasal septum in the nasal passage and cephalad in group B, later nasotracheal intubation was completed with direct laryngoscopy and Magill forceps. After five minutes direct laryngoscopy was done to check for presence of epistaxis and its severity. Degree of resistance, nasal passage time, intubation time and haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressures) were also assessed and compared.

Results: The incidence of epistaxis was significantly lower in group B (Interventional) than group A (Conventional) [15 vs 27; p-value = 0.005], severity of epistaxis [0/1/2] were also significantly lower in group B [22/12/3] than group A [10/15/12] [p value = 0.001]. There was significant difference in haemodynamic parameters between both groups at 1 min till 7 min post intubation. There was no significant difference in degree of resistance, nasal passage time and mean intubation time.

Conclusion: The cephalad direction of the bevel of endotracheal tube in nasal passage during nasotracheal intubation decreases the chances of developing epistaxis and its severity. Hemodynamic parameters are also more stable in cephalad direction.

EFFICACY OF INTERMITTENT VACUUM THERAPY AS AN ADJUNCT TO CONVENTIONAL PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

2024-06-21T18:11:11+0530

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a severe joint disease that affects more than 60 percent of the elderly. It is highly prevalent and a leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. Symptoms can become increasingly debilitating over time and can greatly affect the quality of life, contributing to feelings of dependence and loss of autonomy in older people. Intermittent vacuum therapy (IVT) is a new technology which is now being used to treat vascular diseases of the legs, to accelerate rehabilitation, to reduce oedema in the lower extremities, to treat cellulite as well as other indications. The majority of the examinations of physiological effects of intermittent vacuum therapy is based on reactions to stable negative pressure in the lower body.

Methods: A total of 30 patients, 15 in group A (Conventional) and 15 in group B, were randomly selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcome measures-VAS, WOMAC and Knee flexion ROM were assessed pre and post-intervention. The treatment was performed for 10 sessions.

Results: There was statistical significance seen in Group A (Conventional) and Group B (Interventional) in all outcome measures. However, treatment with Intermittent Vacuum therapy showed better results in comparison to conventional therapy. Data analysis was done using Paired T test.

Conclusion: Intermittent Vacuum Therapy along with conventional protocol showed significant improvement in the above outcome measures in O. A Knee patients. Therefore, Intermittent Vacuum Therapy can be incorporated as a part of rehabilitation in O. A Knee patients.

GIANT CELL TUMOUR OF TENDON SHEATH IN THE FOOT: A RARE CASE REPORT

2024-06-20T12:40:29+0530

Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCT-TS) is predominantly encountered in the hand, ranking as the second most common solid tumor after ganglion cysts. Contrary to its prevalence in the upper extremity, GCT-TS manifestation in the foot is exceptionally rare. This report delineates a unique presentation of GCT-TS in the foot of a 25 y old female, who presented with a painful, progressively enlarging mass in the lateral aspect of her foot. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic considerations in managing such an atypical presentation of GCT-TS.

PEUTZ-JEGHERS POLYP AS A LEAD POINT FOR ILEOCOLIC INTUSSUSCEPTION IN A YOUNG FEMALE: A CASE REPORT

2024-06-20T13:08:26+0530

Intussusception is defined as the invagination of one segment of the bowel into an immediately adjacent segment of the bowel. It is common in children, and idiopathic ileocolic intussusception is the most common form. It is rare in adults, and again, hamartomatous polyposis is a rare cause of intussusception in adults. But, this complication is most frequent for patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). It represents 5% of all intussusceptions and accounts for only 1–5% of intestinal obstruction in adults. PJS is a clinical diagnosis based on any one of the following World Health Organization criteria: three or more histologically confirmed Peutz-Jeghers polyps; any number of PJ polyps with a family history of PJS; characteristic, prominent, mucocutaneous pigmentation with a family history of PJS; or any number of Peutz-Jeghers polyps and characteristic prominent, mucocutaneous pigmentation. Here we report a case of intussusceptions in a 21 y old male with underlying PJ polyp in the intestine and mucocutaneous pigmentation.

OCULAR CYSTICERCOSIS: A CASE REPORT

2024-06-21T14:26:04+0530

Ocular cysticercosis, though rare, can be extraocular or intraocular. Ocular manifestations usually occur as a part of a systemic infection and can lead to partial or complete visual impairment over a 3-5 y period. The parasite reaches the posterior segment of the eye via the high-flow choroidal circulation through the short ciliary arteries. A 35 y old female patient presented to us with history of blurring of vision in right eye over one week. Fundus examination revealed an oval translucent cyst of about 4 mm in diameter. The patient underwent USG B scan, which revealed well-circumscribed cystic lesion in posterior vitreous.