Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 14, Issue 3, 31-39Original Article
EXPLOITATION OF EDIBLE WILD PLANTS AS MEDICINAL PROPERTIES FOR PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN BIDAR DISTRICT, NORTH KARNATAKA, INDIA
SUJATA M. P.*
Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Botany, Gulbarga University Kalaburagi 585106, Karnataka, India
Email: sujaparma@gmail.com
Received: 21 Aug 2021, Revised and Accepted: 24 Dec 2021
ABSTRACT
Objective: Plants since times immemorial have been used practically in all societies as a source of medicine and food. The huge data of medicinal plants are available in the different geographical regions of India. Most of the knowledge and awareness about plants are found in the ethnic community and villages. The present paper tried to explore of medicinal plant property used in the study region with the help of ethnic communities.
Methods: A perspective documentation and cross-sectional studies of edible wild plants used as medicinal properties for various diseases of Bidar district. Surveys were undertaken in January 2018-July 2019in villages, ethnic people community and medicinal healers or local herbal practitioners in the study area.
Results: Total 42 medicinal healers’ interviews were undertaken by the help of questioners or a standard survey datasheet. During the survey, a description of, 63 edible wild plant species belonging to 40 families and 53 genera was recorded. Total63 edible wild plants are used as medicine to cure different diseases by local medicinal practitioners of the district. Among 63 edible wild plants, the plant parts leaf (31 species) is most abundantly used, followed by fruits (22 species) and other plant parts are with less than 5 species i.e. 4, 3, 2 and single species.
Conclusion: However, day by day people will be attracted towards herbal medicine for the treatment of diseases. Many of the herbal plants have no side effect. So far, the present paper has been communicated to give more and more medicinal properties of edible wild plants.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Edible wild plants, Diseases, Bidar district, North Karnataka
© 2022 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2022v14i3.42928. Journal homepage: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijpps.
INTRODUCTION
Since many years’ importance of, wild food plants have been used for food supplements during drought and famine. So, the consumption of such plants is called “wild food plants” or “famine foods” [1]. Plants, since times immemorial, have been used practically in all societies as a source of medicine and food. About 45,000 angiosperm plants have been used as food or nutritive value and medicinal value [2]. According to the world health organization (WHO), 1998 as many as 80% of the world’s population depend on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. India is one of the mega-diversities of the world. Traditional systems of medicines are still very effective, particularly in rural areas of India for the treatment of various diseases [3, 4]. Although the rate of medicinal plant utility is increasing day by day. But very little knowledge about medicinal plants is passing generation to generation used as medicine for health care. However, the present investigation includes the exploitation of edible wild plants with respect to medicine by tribals and rural people of the different socioeconomic communities of the district.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study area
Bidar district is situated in the North-Eastern part of Karnataka in India. The district is also called as crown of Karnataka state. The district is covering an area of 5448 sq. km., within 17°35′ and 18°25′ North latitudes and 76°42′ and 77°39′ East longitudes (fig. 1). The vegetation of forest division is classified into two sub-groups, namely, Southern tropical dry deciduous forests and Southern tropical thorn forests [5]. The district occupies various ethnic groups and socio-cultural communities. The main tribes are Lambani, Halakki and Kaadu kuruba scattered in both village and near forest areas of the district. Except these other tribes are Gond, Naikpod, Rajgond, Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Kolgha Koya, Bhine Koya, Rajkoya, Maha Malasar and Rathawa [6].
Fig. 1: Location map of Bidar district, Karnataka and India
Survey and documentation
Surveys were undertaken at January 2018-July 2019 in villages, in ethnic people community and medicinal healers or local herbal practitioners in the study area. 42 medicinal healers’ interviews were undertaken by the help of questioners or standard survey datasheet [7]. Through interviews and discussions, information about edible wild plants used for medicine to cure various diseases gathered. Plants were collect and herbarium specimens prepared. Plant specimens were identified with the help of floras and internet sources [8-11].
RESULTS
During the survey, a description of 63 species belonging to 40 families and 53 genera was recorded (fig. 2). The information was collect from different 42 medicinal healers by ages between 30-80 y old (fig. 3). The description provides an account of these 63 species enumerate with regards the botanical name, family, Bidar local name/s, available season, part/s used preparation or dosage of medicine, precautions (if present) and ailments or diseases (table 1). Among 63 edible wild plants the plant parts used leaf (31 species) is most abundantly used followed by fruits (22 species) and other plant parts are with less than 5 species i.e. 4, 3 2 and single species (fig. 4). Plant materials were bringing from the forest in available seasons and make as tablet or other forms to treat the diseases. Sometimes fresh materials are used to treat for particular diseases.
Habit-wise distribution of medicinal, edible wild plants is shown in fig. 5. Herbs (22) are found to be the most used plants fallowed by trees (18), climbers (14) and shrubs (09) in descending order.
Cuccurbitaceae and Amaranthaceae were found to be the most common families with 7 and 6 species each, respectively. Other important families were Euphorbiaceae (4 species), Leguminaceae (4 species, in this family, 2 species of subfamily Caesalpinioideae and 2 species Mimosoideae), Aracaceae, Araceae, Chenopodiaceae, Ebenaceae, Moraceae, Portulacaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rutaceae and Solanaceae (2 species each) and rest of the 24 families had one wild edible medicinal species each (fig. 6).
Fig. 2: Photographs of some reported plants of edible wild plants used as medicine
Fig. 3: Few local traditional health practitioners in bidar district
Fig. 4: Parts of the edible wild plants used as medicine in Bidar district
Fig. 5: Habit wise distribution of medicinal wild edible plants in Bidar district
Fig. 6: Distribution of medicinal wild edible plants under various botanical families
DISCUSSION
The literature reveals that Trianthema portulacastrum root is used for killing the ascites. Plant is used as medicine for anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities [12, 13]. The studies of ethnobotanical values of plants against 25 types of ailments were explored by using 31 medicinal plants belonging to 25 families in the people of Kailasakonda Sacred Grove [14]. Curculigo orchiodes and Amorphophallus paeoniifolius root and rhizome are used as medicine to treat various diseases such as abortifacient, asthma, cough, cuts, filaria, fever, itching, leucorrhoea, nose bleeding, piles, bleed, tonic, unconsciousness of children and wounds, earache, inflammation throat, respiratory complaints, pimples and piles [15]. Alternanthera sessilis, Amaranthus hybridus, A. spinosus, A. viridis, Digera muricata and Celosia argentea leaves cooked as vegetable and used as medicine for liver ailments, dysentery, diarrhea, dizziness, constipation, urinary disorder etc., and marketed in local markets [16-20]. Semecarpus anacardium leaf and fruit juice is used for colic, high blood pressure, stomachache sprains and rheumatism. Merremia gangetica root, leaves and the whole plant are used as purgative, diuretic, laxative, cough, headache, neuralgia, rheumatism, diuretic, inflammation, troubles of nose, fever and for the treatment of cancer, crude drug and other ayurvedic formulations [21-25]. Annona squomosa, Centella asiatica, Hemidesmus indicus, Cucumis trigonus and Momordica charantia seeds, root, leaves, fruits and the whole plant are used for to strengthen the bones, relieve vomiting, remove burning sensation, brain tonic, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, etc [26-30]. The study reveals that some wild edible plants have dual role as food and medicinal in Palghar district. So, the total such 40 varieties of plant species are documented for phytochemical and nutraceutical analysis [31].
However, the large extent of ethnobotanical work on medicinal plants is carried out in worldwide, within the India and Karnataka state. In Bidar district medicinal healers are having lot of knowledge about Ethnobotany and ethnomedicine. There is no detailed study on documentation of edible wild plants used as medicine in the study area. So far, the present paper is gives detailed information of edible wild plants with their medicinal value for different ailments.
Table 1: List of medicinal properties of edible wild plants
| S. No. | Botanical name | Family/Subfamily | HGUG voucher no. | Bidar local name/s | Available season | Part/s used | Preparation/dosage | Ailment/s or disease/s |
| 1. | Trianthema portulacastrum L. | Aizoceae | 5216 | Khappur palya | Rainy | Leaves | Leaves grinds with salt then apply on the wound caused by spine | Anti inflammatory |
| 2. | Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. | Amaranthaceae | 5139 | Garundi palya | Rainy | Leaves | Leaves used as vegetable | Piles, Osteomalacia |
| 3. | Amaranthus hybridus L. | Amaranthaceae | 5140 | Rajgiri palya, Shravani math | Rainy | Leaves | Leaves used as vegetable | Digestive, stomach disorders, purgative, dysmenorrhoea, piles |
| 4. | Amaranthus spinosus L. | Amaranthaceae | 5141 | Kirgasale palya | Rainy | Leaves | Leaves used as vegetable | Anaemia, Osteomalacia, fever, colour blindness, jaundice, kidney stones |
| 5. | Amaranthus viridis L. | Amaranthaceae | 5143 | Sanna rajgiri playa, kantha bhaji | Rainy | Young shoots, Leaves | Young shoots or leaves used as vegetable | Digestive, Purgative, stomach disorders, Anaemia |
| 6. | Celosia argentea L. | Amaranthaceae | 5159 | Kukken gida, Anne soppu, Karada | Winter | Leaves | Leaves eaten with rock sugar. Leaves used as vegetable |
Cooling agent, improve stamina, Mouth ulcer, colour blindness |
| 7. | Digera muricata (L.) Mart. | Amaranthaceae | 5169 | Gundagarji palya, Gudeli palya |
Rainy | Young plant | Young plant used as vegetable | Hepatitis, digestion, diuretic |
| 8. | Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. | Amaryllidaceae | 5168 | Khaduri, Adi ulagadde, One padarin ulagadde, Kali musli |
Rainy | Tuber, fruits | Tuber of Curculigo orchioides and Castor leaf powder makes a tablet, take daily for 21 d with empty stomach Ripe fruits eaten raw to enhance immunity |
Jaundice, strengthen immunity Strengthen immunity, blood purification |
| 9. | Semecarpus anacardium L. | Anacardiaceae | 5210 | Kyare kai, Bibha, Geru | Winter | Receptacle, Fruit, Flower | Boil the receptacles with pigeon pea and eat than drink only a cup of water to cure. Burn the receptacle to produce oil than rubs the oil on throat. Eat flower daily morning up to a week |
Heart attack, Heart diseases Wet cough or whooping cough Whooping cough |
| 10. | Annona squamosa L. | Annonaceae | 5146 | Sithaphal | Winter | Fruits, Seeds | Fruit epicarp paste applied on wound Seeds powder eaten with empty stomach |
Digestive, fungal infections, ringworm, psoriasis, leptospirosis Killing the earthworms in stomach, stomach ache |
| 11. | Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. | Apiaceae | 5160 | Brahmi, Ondelage | Rainy | Leaves | Leaves chewed and eaten | Memory enhancer, kidney stones |
| 12. | Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. | Apocynaceae | 5184 | Sugandi beru, Halibarin gida | Rainy | Root | Root powder applied Root powder boil and drink |
Skin infection, feet cracks, toothache Blood purifier |
| 13. | Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. | Aracaceae | 5200 | Shindi kai, Enchalu hannu | Throughout the year | Seeds, Root | Seeds eaten raw Cattle can feed bulging roots with above ground at the base |
Strengthen immunity, Milking in Cattle |
| 14. | Borassus flabellifer L. | Aracaceae | 5151 | Taadin Kai | Winter | Fruits | Ripe fruits eaten raw | Laxative, stimulant |
| 15. | Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson | Araceae | 5144 | Suvarna gadde, Havald gadde, Sonevell | Summer | Tubers | Eat raw tubers 3-4 d | Piles, menstrual cycle regular |
| 16. | Colacasia esculenta (L.) Schott. | Araceae | 5165 | Shavi palya | Rainy | Leaves, Tubers | Take 2 rupees coin size leaf of Colacasia esculenta smashed and drink within cow milk or mother milk Tubers and leaves are used as vegetable, snacks and sauce. |
Dry cough, whooping cough, Pneumonia, Blood purification, Digestion. Kidney stone, Urinary disorder, stomach ache, piles. |
| 17. | Glossocardia bosvallea (L. f.) DC. | Asteraceae | 5185 | Adi sabski | Rainy | Whole plant | Whole plant used as vegetable | Strengthen immunity, fever |
| 18. | Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haworth. | Cactaceae | 5197 | Nagarpaden gida | Winter | Leaves | Leaf (Phyllode) cut into two equal portion warm and apply on chest tumour | Lump’s, cancer |
| 19. | Capparis zeylanica L. | Capparaceae | 5155 | Tottilu belli | Winter | Leaves | Eat 3-4 d 50g of leaf extract mix with ghee and sugar or Jaggary Leaves mixed with salt and brushed teeth to cure the toothache. |
Menstrual problems, gynaecological disorder, stomachic Toothache, stomach ache |
| 20. | Basella alba L. | Chenopodiaceae | 5150 | Basale soppu, Bansali | Rainy | Leaves | 1-2 Leaves eaten with empty stomach in early morning | Constipation, Anaemia, digestive, appetite |
| 21. | Chenopodium album L. | Chenopodiaceae | 5161 | Chukka, Hunachikki |
Winter | Leaves | Leaves used as a vegetable | Cooling agent, stomach pain, kidney stone, yellow jaundice, piles |
| 22. | Merremia emarginata (Burm. f.) Hallier f. | Convolvulaceae | 5191 | Ilikiwi gida | Rainy | Leaves, Whole plant | Leaves used as vegetable One spoon of whole plant decoction given to children daily at one time |
Kidney stones, heart diseases, urinary diseases, digestive, diuretic. Urine problems, liver problems |
| 23. | Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. | Crassulaceae | 5185 | Tilval, Gandukalinga | Summer | Leaves | Leaves used eaten raw to treat | Asthma, cough |
| 24. | Coccinia indica Wight and Arn. | Cucurbitaceae | 5163 | Tonde kai | Winter | Fruits | Chew 1 or 2 unripe fruits | Mouth ulcer, fever |
| 25. | Cucumis trigonus Roxb. | Cucurbitaceae | 5167 | Gudumin kai, Kaadu sauté kai | Winter | Fruits | Fruits eaten raw | Cooling agent, Acidity, diabetes, digestive |
| 26. | Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey. | Cucurbitaceae | 5175 | Shivalingi, sumblen kai | Rainy | Seeds | Seeds powder mixed with cow milk and drink | Fertility in women, prevent miscarriage |
| 27. | Momordica charantia L. | Cucurbitaceae | 5192 | Haagal kai | Rainy | Fruits | Drink a cup of fruit juice for 2-3 d Fruits eaten raw |
Diabetes, pitta Acidity |
| 28. | Momordica dioica Roxb. Ex Willd. | Cucurbitaceae | 5194 | Midi hagul kai | Rainy | Leaves, Fruits | Drink leaf or fruit juice 2-3 d Fruits used as vegetable Fruits used as vegetable |
Diabetes, fever Acidity, Pitta |
| 29. | Momordica cymbalaria Hook. f. | Cucurbitaceae | 5193 | Karchi kai | Rainy | Fruits, Tubers, Leaves | Fruits used as vegetable Tubers eaten raw to treat 1-2 leaves eaten at an early morning |
Strengthen immunity Diabetes Pitta |
| 30. | Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem. | Cucurbitaceae | 5196 | Yemmighogari belli, Benneti | Rainy | Root, Fruits | Root extract applied on skin and pimples. Fruits eaten raw |
Skin diseases |
| 31. | Diospyrous melanoxylon Roxb. | Ebenaceae | 5173 | Tendu, Thumbri, Illinta |
Rainy | Fruits | Fruits eaten daily early morning with empty stomach | Cooling agent, Acidity, stomach problems |
| 32. | Diospyrous montana Roxb. | Ebenaceae | 5174 | Enchil hannu, Timbru | Summer | Fruits | Fruit eaten daily early morning with empty stomach | Cooling agent, Acidity |
| 33. | Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels. | Euphorbiaceae | 5201 | Havla, Keeri nelli, Gundi nelli | Summer | Fruits | Equal amount of (1/2 tsp.) Phyllanthus acidus fruit powder+Celosia argentia leaf powder+Croton tiglium seed powder mixed well and take orally up to 15-20 d. Fruits eaten raw with salt |
Blood purification, appetite. Digestive, pitta, giddiness, omitting, acidity |
| 34. | Emblica officinalis Gaertn. | Euphorbiaceae | 5202 | Nelle kai, Amla, Dodda nelli kai | Winter | Fruits, Leaves | Take fruit powder of Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellarica and Terminalia chebula in honey (50%) and Allium sativum paste (25%). Leaves extract applied on wounds |
Control high blood pressure, cough and acidity, stomach problems Mouth ulcer |
| 35. | Kirganalia reticulata (Poir.) Baill. | Euphorbiaceae | 5186 | Kempu huli, Huli hannu | Summer | Leaves | Leaves extract of Kirganalia reticulata and leaves extract of Flueggea leucopyrus mixed in buttermilk and take orally for 7 d | Red discharge, White discharge |
| 36. | Flueggea leucopyrus Wild. | Euphorbiaceae | 5209 | Bili huli gida | Winter | Leaves | Leaves extract mixed in drinking water or cow milk or goat milk and take orally for 7 d | White discharge |
| 37. | Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. | Lamiaceae | 5205 | Ajeevan tappul, Dhapati yeli | Throughout the year | Leaves | Leaves used in meals Take leaves extract of Occimum sanctum and Plectranthus amboinicus in honey. |
Digestive, hepatitis, diuretic, laxative, cough, asthma. Cold, cough in children |
| 38. | Cassia fistula L. | Leguminaceae/Caesalpinioideae | 5157 | Kakke hanuu | Summer | Root | Root juice is applied on the snake bite | Snack bite |
| 39. | Senna tora (L.) Roxb. | Leguminaceae/Caesalpinioideae | 5158 | Chagachi gida | Winter | Seeds Leaves |
Seeds eaten raw and used as vegetable Leaves used as vegetable |
Skin diseases, edema (Swelling of the body), enhance milk in cattle Strengthen the immunity, enhance milk in cattle Plant is consists of omega 3 fatty acids |
| 40. | Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. | Leguminaceae/Mimosoideae | 5137 | Babli gida, Kari jaali | Throughout the year | Resin/Gum | Resin or gum eaten raw or cooked. Women eaten after maturation (Menstrual Cycle time) and child birth (Delivery) |
Strengthen immunity |
| 41. | Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. | Leguminaceae/Mimosoideae | 5204 | Gorak kaambli, Kodabyale kai, Hulihunase | Summer | Fruits | Ripped fruits eaten raw | Cooling agent, acidity control |
| 42. | Asparagus racemosus Willd. | Lilliaceae | 5147 | Halavu makkal taayi, Shatavari | Throughout the year | Tubers | Powder of Asparagus racemosus tuber+Diplocyclos palmatus fruit+cumin powder mixed in honey and eat 3 d during M C period (Precaution: Eat only white rice and curd for 3 d) Tubers used as vegetable |
Strengthen immunity, antipyretic, menstrual problems Sterility, dysentery |
| 43. | Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. | Malvaceae | 5136 | Advi bendekai | Winter | Fruits | Fruits used as vegetable during suffering from diseases | Strengthen immunity, digestive, stomach ache, constipation |
| 44. | Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels. | Menispermaceae | 5164 | Dhangadgen gida | Rainy | Leaves | 2-3 Leaves used to eaten daily morning | Male sterility |
| 45. | Ficus racemosa L. | Moraceae | 5178 | Atti kai | Winter | Latex, Root | Latex mixed with sugar or batasha. Root powder mixed in pot water overnight and drunk early in the morning Latex applied on wounds |
Menstrual problems Chest tumour, wounds. |
| 46. | Ficus hispida L. | Moraceae | 5177 | Nela atti kai | Rainy | Latex | Latex applied on skin diseases and wounds | Skin infections-pimples, ringworm, wounds |
| 47. | Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. | Myrtaceae | 5214 | Nerale hannu, Kaala jamun, Jaamun | Rainy | Fruits, Seeds | Ripped fruits eaten raw Eaten fruits with seeds Take a spoon of shade dried seeds powder daily early in the morning |
High diabetes Killing the earthworms in stomach Diabetes |
| 48. | Ximenia americana L. | Olacaceae | 5218 | Nagari hannu, Nakkeru | Summer | Leaves | Take a glass of leaf extract | Snack bite |
| 49. | Portulaca oleracea L. | Portulacaceae | 5206 | Dodda ghooli | Rainy | Leaves | Leaves used as vegetable | Treatment for liver, kidney, jaundice, constipation, asthma |
| 50. | Portuluca quadrifida L. | Portulacaceae | 5207 | Sanna ghooli | Rainy | Whole plant | Whole plant used as vegetable | Cooling agent, digestive, diuretic |
| 51. | Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. | Rhamnaceae | 5219 | Bare hannu | Winter | Spines, Leaves |
Take 3 spines of the plant and mark round on wound or ring gourd. Leaf paste applied on burns |
Fungal infections, Burns |
| 52. | Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. | Rhamnaceae | 5221 | Kaalaboor, Kari bare kai | Winter | Fruits | Ripped fruits eaten raw | Jaundice, stomach problems |
| 53. | Gardenia resinifera Roth. | Rubiaceae | 5179 | Dikambali, Karinga | Winter | Fruits | Fruits eaten raw | Jaundice, stomach problems |
| 54. | Aegle marmelos Corr. | Rutaceae | 5138 | Billa, Bilvapatre, Bel | Summer | Leaves, Fruit pulp | 1-2 Leaves chewed as raw in early morning. Fruit pulp eaten raw |
Fever, acidity, digestive, astringent Male sterility, digestive |
| 55. | Limonia acidissima L. | Rutaceae | 5189 | Kaute kai, Yelka, Naibela | Rainy | Fruit pulp, Leaves |
Fruit pulp grinded to make chutney, eaten 2-3 d Eat equal amount of fruit pulp with sugar Take leaf extract orally |
All kinds of cough Pitta, stomach ache Strengthen immunity |
| 56. | Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) Macbride. | Sapotaceae | 5190 | Ippe gida, Mahua | Summer | Root | Take outer layer of root milk by stone and applied on tonsils | Tonsils |
| 57. | Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. | Scrophulariaceae | 5148 | Neeru bhrahmi, Timare | Rainy | Leaves | Drink two spoon of leaves extract at early in the morning with empty stomach | Nerve tonic, Strengthen immunity |
| 58. | Balanetes roxburghii Planch. | Simarubaceae | 5149 | Ingalkyan kai, Hingin kai | Summer | Fruit pulp, Fruits | Dried fruit pulp mixed in Jaggary to make a tablets and take for 2-3 d with empty stomach Fruit epicarp paste applied on eyes |
Jaundice, stomach problems, purgative Eye diseases, skin problems |
| 59. | Physalis minima L. | Solanaceae | 5203 | Gudde hannu, Sannaguppate gida | Winter | Leaves | Leaf extract applied on leg or any swollen part of the body | Edima |
| 60. | Solanum nigrum L. | Solanaceae | 5211 | Kaamini gida, Ganike palya | Throughout the year | Leaves | Drink leaf extract 3-4 d (Precautions: eat only Sorghum rotti/bread and Brinjal curry). Leaves boiled or burn and eaten |
Jaundice, stomach problems Pitta, mouth ulcer |
| 61. | Lantana camara L. | Verbenaceae | 5187 | Kaagi gida, Gangoda, Shisha, Kammari | Throughout the year | Leaves, Fruits | Leaves paste mixed with lime powder and applied on the face Ripped fruit eaten raw |
Skin diseases Loose motion |
| 62. | Cissus quadrangularis L. | Vitaceae | 5162 | Sandu balli | Rainy | Stem | Stem paste mixed in butter and applied on bone fracture or fingers | Bone fracture |
| 63. | Tribulus terrestris L. | Zygophyllaceae | 5217 | Neggi mullu | Throughout the year | Fruits, Whole plant | Fruit powder of Tribulus terrestris and root powder of Achyranthus aspera mixed in water and drink daily 2 times. Whole plant ash mix in water Then powder will appears on the surface of water than the powder is mixed in honey and eaten. |
Kidney stone, stomach ache, excretory disorders Asthma, bronchitis |
CONCLUSION
The above investigation deals with 63 edible wild plant species used as medicine for various diseases in Bidar district. The information was gathered from different 42 people of local medicinal practitioners in the study area. Day by day the, people will be attracting towards the herbal medicine for their no side effect. There is less information about wild edible plants with their uses in the district. So far, it is important to document and evaluate this knowledge for their medicinal value of plants. The present paper is communicated to gives more and more medicinal properties of edible wild plants. It is desirable to use of proper plants for particular diseases by their correct formulations without any confusion.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Author is very grateful to all informants of Bidar district for their willingness sharing knowledge regard wild edible plants used as medicine for various diseases.
FUNDING
Nil
AUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS
All the authors have contributed equally.
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
Author herewith declares that there is no any conflict of interest.
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