International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIVE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BARK EXTRACTS OF ACACIA CATECHU BY IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ANALYSIS

2023-10-31T21:53:57+0530

Objective: The objective of this research was to examine and compare the capacity of several bark extracts of Acacia catechu to scavenge nitric oxide (NO) free radicals. The study also examined the evaluation of variations in concentration that are reliant on both concentration levels and seasonal changes, using samples obtained throughout various seasons over a span of two consecutive years.

Methods: In this study, six extracts were made utilizing solvents including ethanol, methanol, aqueous solution, acetone, chloroform, and benzene. In the in vitro investigation, a nitric oxide (NO) assay was conducted to evaluate the free radical scavenging efficacy of the test samples.

Results: Out of seven tested sample concentrations, 15.25 µg/ml was reported to be ineffective; higher than 500 µg/ml concentrations (i.e., 705 and 1000) were observed to be less effective than their lower concentrations, while 31.5–500 µg/ml drug concentrations were observed to be protective. Among these three, 125 µg/ml concentrations were found to be most effective (p<0.01 or more). In solvent-based results, methanolic, ethanolic, aqueous, and acetone extracts exhibited at least p<0.01 significant effective NO scavenging, but acetone extract was seen to have comparatively less protection (p<0.05) than the other three extracts. Chloroform and benzene extracts, respectively, showed less protection. Samples collected in the summer season showed greater protection than winter and Manson.

Conclusion: This study provided a clear observation of the impact of extraction solvent, concentration of drug, and season of sample collection on in vitro free radical scavenging potential. These data could help provide possible applications for regional plants for medicinal purposes.

A SIMPLE RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION OF THE DISSOLUTION OF BROMELAIN-A COMPLEX MIXTURE OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES, IN DELAYED RELEASE TABLETS

2023-10-06T16:09:40+0530

Objective: To develop a simple, accurate, precise and linear Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and verify for the quantitative estimation (Dissolution) of Bromelain in delayed release tablets.

Methods: The optimized RP-HPLC method for both acid and buffer stage dissolutions of delayed release tablets uses Zorbax 300 SB-C8 column (150 mm X 4.6 mm; 3.5μ), a mobile phase-A of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and a mobile phase-B of 0.1% Trifluoroacetic acid in Acetonitrile in the gradient proportion, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, injection volume of 25 µL, detection wavelength of 280 nm using a UV/PDA detector, column temperature of 40°C, sample tray/compartment temperature of 5°C and a run time of 20 minutes.

Results: The developed method gave Bromelain eluting at about 6 min. Bromelain exhibited linearity in the range 53.4 - 800.6 μg/ml (r²=0.99992). The precision is exemplified by relative standard deviation of 1.3 and 2.3% for acid and buffer stages respectively. Percentage recovery of the drug was found to be between 90.0 and 110.0 during accuracy studies.

Conclusion: A simple, accurate, precise, and linear RP-HPLC method was developed and verified for the quantitative estimation (Dissolution) of Bromelain in tablets and hence this method can be explored for the analysis of Bromelain in tablets in various pharmaceutical industries.

LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: HUMAN RESOURCE CAPACITY AND TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACISTS IN NIGERIA

2023-10-06T14:57:13+0530

Objective: Logistics and supply chain management have received global attention since the early 1980s, but this concept is thought to still be unpopular in Nigeria as very little literature exists on it, especially in the pharmaceutical sector. This paper therefore set out to investigate the human resource capacity and the needs assessment of pharmacists in Nigeria as regards logistics and supply chain management.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists in Nigeria. A total of 873 pharmacists participated in the study. A well-structured questionnaire was produced, validated, and administered to the registered pharmacists.

Results: Out of the 873 retrieved questionnaires, 21 copies were not completely filled and were therefore discarded; hence the 852 completely filled questionnaires were taken as the number of participants in the study. The survey shows that out of the 51.76% pharmacists who have acquired trainings, 18.2% were exposed to supply chain management by virtue of their workplace while 30.9% were self-trained through conferences and workshops. Also, 98.8% of the respondents were ready to be trained in this emerging field in Nigeria, with only 1.2% declining any interest in supply chain management training.

Conclusion: These findings show that there is a low provision for proactive education on supply chain management for pharmacists. However, there is a promising opportunity to introduce such training as the majority of the respondents were receptive to such an innovation. This study may therefore be useful for policymakers and health professionals to chart the path for the future to ensure adequate and proper delivery of medicines and other health commodities.