International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

GENERATION-DEPENDENT TARGETING POTENTIAL OF DONEPEZIL-LOADED POLY (PROPYLENE IMINE) DENDRIMER THROUGH GOAT NASAL MUCOSA

NITIN DWIVEDI — 2023-05-01

Objective: In the domain of nano drug delivery, dendrimers are the most explored bioactive polymeric carrier system. The present work was aimed to study the diffusion potential of different generations of Poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers on goat nasal mucosa in an ex vivo study and synthesize a stable dendrimer for olfactory drug delivery.

Methods: The generations (3.0G, 4.0G, and 5.0G) of PPI dendrimer were synthesized and PEGylated by MPEG 5000 and then loaded with donepezil. A comparative study was carried out among all generations in terms of their drug loading capacity, stabili.ty, sustained release behavior as well as for targeting efficacy. An ex-vivo study was carried out on Franz Diffusion Cell with goat nasal mucosa.

Results: The developed G3, G4, and G5 dendrimer formulations had entrapment efficiency of 24.33±0.56%, 40.12±0.62%, and 60.4±0.6%, respectively. The nasal diffusion study revealed that 5.0G PPI dendrimer increased diffusion of donepezil up to 47% as compared to the pure solution of donepezil, while 10% improvement in diffusion was seen as compared to 4.0 G PPI dendrimer. Thus obtained results claimed that the drug loading as well as targeting potential of PPI dendrimers increased with the increase in the number of generations. The investigation outcome indicated promising results of 5.0G PPI dendrimer over the 3.0G and 4.0G PPI dendrimer generations for their drug loading capacity, stability, and sustained release action.

Conclusion: The 5.0G PPI dendrimer proved its superior candidature over the other lower generations of PPI dendrimers for drug delivery and drug targeting.

EFFECT OF COOKING METHODS ON TOTAL PHENOLICS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SELECTED WILD EDIBLE PLANTS

TAPAN SEAL — 2023-05-29

Objective: The target of this appraisal was to explore the impacts of various cooking techniques, for example, boiling and microwave cooking on total phenolics and antioxidant activity of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, Viburnum foetidum, Houttuynia cordata, Sonchus arvensis and Oenanthe linearis, widely consumed by the common individuals of the North-Eastern area of India.

Methods: The antioxidant activities of the plants were determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging ability, reducing power capacity, estimation of total phenolic content, flavonoid content and flavonol content.

Results: Total phenolics content (TPC) of fresh vegetables ranged from 108.28 to 253.99 mg/100 g (as gallic acid equivalent) on a dry weight basis. Total antioxidant capacity of fresh plants (IC₅₀ mg dry extract) determined by DPPH and ABTS ranged from 0.37-1.23 and 0.29-0.89 respectively. Boiling caused the highest losses of TPC, resulting in a reduction of the TPC on dry weight (DW) basis ranging from 9.37% in O. linearis up to 25.97% in Z. acanthopodium whereas microwave cooking enhanced TPC ranging from 4.09% to 10.38%. Similarly, boiling treatment decreased the DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging from 10.65 to 29.77% and ABTS radical scavenging activities ranging from 5.88-16.35%, whereas microwave cooking increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities ranging from 8.02-24.20% and 9.86 to 19.70% respectively, in the studied plants.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the best cooking method for increasing the concentration of polyphenols and antioxidants was microwave cooking, while boiling was the least recommended method.

ANATOMICAL-HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME PLANTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF BILHARZIA IN COTE D'IVOIRE

KOUADIO BENE — 2023-06-01

Objective: The study of 11 plants used in the treatment of Bilharzia in Côte d'Ivoire aims to highlight their anatomical-histological structures.

Methods: The anatomical study of these plants was carried out on the stems by the classical method of staining the tissues with carmine-green.

Results: This staining technique made it possible to distinguish two groups of tissues. Those with a pink stained cell wall (cellulose wall cells) and those with a green stained lignified cell wall. From the periphery to the interior of the organs, we observe the epidermal hairs, the epidermis, the collenchyma, the cortical parenchyma, the sclerenchyma (for aged or more or less aged tissues), the liber or phloem, the wood or xylem and the medullary parenchyma.

Conclusion: The carmine-green staining made it possible to distinguish different plant stem tissues, arranged according to the colouring, structure, shape and size of the cells in each tissue.