EFFECT OF SESAMOL IN ASSOCIATION WITH FOLIC ACID ON 6-OHDA INDUCED PARKINSONIAN ANIMALS- BIOCHEMICAL, NEUROCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.12961Abstract
Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the world's second neurodegenerative disorder. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is the hallmark of the disease. Here is a novel approach to treat PD with a phenolic compound Sesamol (SA) and in combination with Folic acid (FA).
Methods: The study was designed with five groups of animals and 6 rats in each group. The rats was infused with 6-hydroxydopamine (10μg/2μl in 0.1% ascorbic acid saline) once for the development of PD, Group 1(control), Group 2(Lesion), Group 3(Lesion+ SA), Group 4(Lesion + SA+ FA) and Group 5(Lesion+ L-dopa). The biochemical parameter like glucose, triglycerides, protein, folic acid, TBARS and antioxidant profile in serum were estimated. The neurotransmitters level in striatum was estimated and histopathology of striatum and mid-brain tissues was carried out.
Results: The results showed that 6-hydroxydopamine induced lesion has a significant alteration in the level of glucose, triglycerides, protein and folic acid where as TBARS level was elevated and the activities of antioxidants and neurotransmitters level were reduced. This was significantly restored on SA+FA treatment. The lesion group shows an abnormal architecture of striatum and mid-brain, whereas on SA+FA treatment there was minimal abnormality.
Conclusion: Thus our study demonstrates that Sesamol has neuroprotective effect against 6-hydroxy dopamine insult and showed a synergic effect when combined with Folic acid.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, Sesamol, Folic acid, 6-Hydroxy dopamine, Neurotransmitter, Antioxidant
Downloads
References
Wood-Kaczmar A, Gandhi S, & Wood N W. Understanding the molecular causes of Parkinson's disease. Trends in molecular medicine. 2006; 12(11): 521-528.
Dauer William, and Serge Przedborski. Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron. 2003; 39(6):889-909.
Gatto E M, Carreras M C, Pargament G A, Riobo N A, Reides C, Repetto M & Poderoso J. J. Neutrophil function, nitric oxide, and blood oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders. 1996; 11(3): 261-267.
Seidl S E & Potashkin J A. The promise of neuroprotective agents in Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in neurology. 2011; 2(68): 1-19.
Narasimhan Rangarajan, Muthukumar Vaithiyanathan, and Vanisree Janardanam. Neuroprotective effect of sesamol in glioma induced in rats. Biomedicine International. 2011; 2: 22-27.
Prasad NR, Mahesh T, Menon VP, Jeevanram RK, Pugal-endi KV. Photoprotective effect of sesamol on UVB-radiation induced oxidative stress in human blood lym-phocytes in vitro. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005; 20(1):1-5.
Chandrasekaran V R M, Hsu D Z, & Liu M Y. The protective effect of sesamol against mitochondrial oxidative stress and hepatic injury in acetaminophen-overdosed rats. Shock. 2009; 32(1): 89-93.
Duan W, Ladenheim B, Cutler RG, Kruman II, Cadet JL, & Mattson MP. Dietary folate deficiency and elevated homocysteine levels endanger dopaminergic neurons in models of Parkinson's disease. Journal of neurochemistry. 2002; 80(1): 101-110.
Ziegler Marilyne GM, and Henry Szechtman. Relation between motor asymmetry and direction of rotational behaviour under amphetamine and apomorphine in rats with unilateral degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Behavioural brain research. 1990; 39(2):123-133.
Ravindran R, Sheela Devi R, Samson J, Senthilvelan M. Noise stress induced brain neurotransmitter changes and the eff ect of Ocimum sanctum Linn treatment in albino rats. Jap Phamacol Sci. 2005; 98: 354-360.
Sasaki T, Matsy S and Sonae, A. Effect of acetic acid concentration on the colour reaction in the o-toluidine boric acid method for blood glucose estimation. Rinsho Kagaku 1972; 1, 346-353
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farral, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951; 193(1): 265-75.
Rice EW. Triglycerides (neutral fatsâ€) in serum. In Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry. 1970; 6: 215-22.
Nagaraja P, Vasantha R & YathirajanHS. Spectrophotometric determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical preparation by coupling reaction with iminodibenzyl or 3-aminophenol or sodium molybdate – pyrocatechol. Anal Biochemistry. 2002; 307(2): 316-21.
Marklund Stefan and Gudrun Marklund. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. European Journal of Biochemistry. 1974; 47(3): 469-474.
Sinha Asru K. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Analytical biochemistry. 1972; 47(2): 389-394.
Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganthes HF, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG and Hoekstra WG. Selenium biochemical role as a component of Glutathione Peroxidase. Science. 1973; 179(73): 588-590.
Mohandas J, Marshall JJ, Duggin GG, Horvath JS, Tiller D. Differential distribution of glutathione and glutathione related enzymes in rabbit kidneys: possible implication in analgesic neuropathy. Cancer Res. 1984; 44: 5086-5091.
Moron MS, DePierre JW and Manerwik KB. Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione –S- Transferase in rat lung and liver. Biochemica Biophysica Act. 1979; 582: 67-68.
Omaye ST, Turnbull JD, Sauberlich HE. Selected methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in animal cells, tissues and fluids. In: McCormick DB, Wright LD, editors. Methods in enzymology. New York: Academic Press. 1979; 62: 3-11.
Indrajeet D Desai. Vitamin E analysis methods for animal tissues, Methods in enzymology. 1984; 105:138-147.
Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem. 1979; 95: 351-358.
Kari HP, Davidson PP, Herbert HH, Kochbar MH: Eff ects of ketamine on brain monoamine levels in rats. Res Comm Chem Path Pharmacol. 1978; 20: 475-488.
Murphy GF, D Robinson and DF Sharman. The effect of tropolone on the formation of 3,4- dihydroxyphenylaceticacid and4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenylacetic acid in the brain of the mouse. Br. J. Pharmac. 1969; 36: 107-115.
Alain Courtie` re, Jeannine Hardouin, Virginie Locatelli, Nathalie Turle-Lorenzo, Marianne Amalric, Franck Vidal and Thierry Hasbroucq. Selective effects of partial striatal 6-OHDA lesions on information processing in the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2005; 21: 1973-1983.
Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli and Anna R Carta. The 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotoxicity Research. 2007; 11(3, 4): 151-167.
Sirtori C. R, Bolme P and Azarnoff D. L. Metabolic responses to acute and chronic L-dopa administration in patients with parkinsonism. New England Journal of Medicine. ; 1972287(15): 729-733.
Palombo Enzo A. Phytochemicals from traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of diarrhoea: modes of action and effects on intestinal function. Phytotherapy Research. 2006; 20(9): 717–724.
Kim Jiyoung, Hyong Joo Lee and Ki Won Lee. Naturally occurring phytochemicals for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of neurochemistry. 2010; 112(6): 1415–1430.
Youdim Kuresh A and James A. Joseph. A possible emerging role of phytochemicals in improving age-related neurological dysfunctions: a multiplicity of effects. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2001; 30(6): 583–594.
Maryam Khombi Shooshtari, Ahmad Ali Moazedi, Gholam Ali Parham. Memory and Motor Coordination Improvement by Folic Acid Supplementation in Healthy Adult Male Rats. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2012; 15 (6): 1173-1179.
A.Khadira sereen, Priya Nagappa, Vijayalakshmi K. Effect of sesamol and folic acid on behavioural activity and antioxidant profile of rats induced with 6-hydroxy dopamine International journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemical research. 2015; 6(4): 930-93.
Buege John A and Steven D. Aust. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods in enzymology. 1978; 52: 302-310.
Radi Rafael, Joseph S. Beckman, Kenneth M. Bush and Bruce A. Freeman. Peroxynitrite-induced membrane lipid peroxidation: the cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics. 1991; 288(2): 481-487.
Zuch Christina L, Vivian K. Nordstroem, Lori A. Briedrick, George R. Hoernig, Annâ€Charlotte Granholm and Paula C. Bickford. Time course of degenerative alterations in nigral dopaminergic neurons following a 6â€hydroxydopamine lesion. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2000; 427(3): 440-454.
Deumens Ronald, Arjan Blokland and Jos Prickaerts. Modeling Parkinson's disease in rats: an evaluation of 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. Experimental neurology. 2002; 175(2): 303-317.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
