COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS IN ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF IN VITRO AND FIELD GROWN WITHANIA SOMNIFERA

Prabhjot Singh Jassal; Gagandeep Kaur

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.13370

Authors

Prabhjot Singh Jassal Lovely Professional University, Phagwara
Gagandeep Kaur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.13370

Abstract

Objective: The present study was planned to compare antioxidant activity in vitro and field grown Withania somnifera was assessed using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) assays. Medicinal plants are a major source of phytochemicals used for the treatments of human diseases. W. somnifera has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.

Methods: Antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents in W. somnifera were determined spectrophotometrically.

Results: The results of antioxidant activity of field grown ethanolic leaf extract of W. somnifera showed maximum inhibition of 72.08% and 77.85%
in DPPH (50 Î¼g/ml) and NO (100 Î¼g/ml) scavenging assays, respectively. Field grown ethanolic leaf extract of W. somnifera showed maximum
concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids, as active phytochemicals, determined spectrophotometrically, which were found as
676.5 Î¼g/ml, 557.5 Î¼g/ml, and 469 Î¼g/ml, respectively, as compared to in vitro plant extracts.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents of field grown ethanolic leaf extract of W. somnifera were found to be comparatively higher than in vitro plant extracts. Leaf extracts of W. somnifera are a potential source of antioxidants and could prevent many free radical-related diseases.

Keywords: Carotenoids content, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay, Flavonoids content, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Phenolic
content.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Prabhjot Singh Jassal, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara

Assistant Professor, Lovely Professional University

References

Arnous A, Makris DP, Kefalas P. Effect of principal polyphenolic components in relation to antioxidant characteristics of aged red wines. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49(12):5736-42.

Gautam K, Kumar P. Extraction and pharmacological evaluation of some extracts of Vitex negundo Linn. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;4(2):132-7.

Lu F, Foo LY. Toxicological aspects of food antioxidants. In: Madhavi DL, Deshpande SS, Salunkhe SS, editors. Food Antioxidant. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1995.

Gulcin I, Oktay M, Kirecci E, Lu OK. Screening of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of anise (Pimpella anisum L.) seed extracts. J Food Chem 2003;83(3):371-82.

Miller NJ, Rice CA. The relative contributions of ascorbic acid and phenolic antioxidants to the total antioxidants activity of orange and apple fruit juices and blackcurrant drink. J Food Chem 1997;60(3):331-7.

Cook NC, Samman S. Flavonoids-chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects and dietary sources. J Nutr Biochem 1996;7(2):66-76.

Kathirvel A, Sujatha V. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Barringtonia acutangula (L.) gaertn leaves. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;4(2):279.

Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Bolwell PG, Bramley PM, Pridham JB. The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids.

Free Radic Res 1995;22(4):375-83.

KÃ¤hkÃ¶nen MP, Hopia AI, Vuorela HJ, Rauha JP, Pihlaja K, Kujala TS, et al. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 1999;47(10):3954-62.

Loliger J. The use of antioxidants in food. In Free Radicals and Food Additives. London: Taylor and Francis; 1991. p. 121-50.

Kandampully A, Nikhil T, Bagwe T, Pala B. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): A source of therapeuctic agents. Int J Curr Res Chem Pharm Sci 2014;1(7):36-43.

Jesberger JA, Richardson JS. Oxygen free radicals and brain dysfunction. Int J Neurosci 1991;57(1-2):1-17.

Scarfiotti C, Fabris F, Cestaro B, Giuliani A. Free radicals, atherosclerosis, ageing, and related dysmetabolic pathologies: Pathological and clinical aspects. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6 Suppl 1:S31-6.

Khare CP. Indian Medicinal Plants-An Illustrated Dictionary. New Delhi: First Indian Reprint, Springer (India) Pvt., Ltd.; 2007. p. 717-8.

Anonymous. The Wealth of India Publications and Information Directorate. New Delhi: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); 1982. p. 580-5.

Rani G, Grover IS. In vitro callus induction and regeneration studies in Withania somnifera. J Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 1999;57(1):23-7.

Viji MO, Mathew MM, Parvatham R. Effects of light intensity and imbibition frequency of in vivo and in vitro propagated seeds of Withania somnifera (L.) poshita on germination. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2013;2(11):354-60.

Shahriar M, Hossain MI, Sharmin FA, Akhter S, Haque A, Bhuiyan MA. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Withania somnifera root. Iosr J Pharm 2013;3(2):38-47.

Braca A, De Tommasi N, Di Bari L, Pizza C, Politi M, Morelli I. Antioxidant principles from Bauhinia tarapotensis. J Nat Prod 2001;64(7):892-5.

Mandal S, Hazra B, Sarkar R, Biswas S, Mandal N. Assessment of the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Caesalpinia crista leaf. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011;2011:173768.

Sreejayan, Rao MN. Nitric oxide scavenging by curcuminoids. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997;49(1):105-7.

Demiray S, Pintado ME, Castro PM. Evaluation of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of Turkish medicinal plants: Tilia argentea, Crataegi folium leaves and Polygonum bistorta Roots. J World Acad Sci Eng Technol 2009;54:312-7.

Jiao H, Wang SY. Correlation of antioxidant capacities to oxygen radical scavenging enzyme activities in blackberry. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48(11):5672-6.

Mahadevan A, Sridhar R. Methods in Physiological Plant Pathology. 3rd ed. Chennai: Sivakami Publications; 1986. p. 9-11.

Taylor BS, Kim YM, Wang Q, Shapiro RA, Billiar TR, Geller DA. Nitric oxide down-regulates hepatocyte-inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Arch Surg 1997;132(11):1177-83.

Shah PB, Patel DS, Managoli NB. Evaluation of in-vitro anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Withania somnifera and Aloe vera. Asian J Pharm Technol 2012;2(4):143-7.

Sharma L, Sharma A. In vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of roots of Withania somnifera. J Chem Pharm Res 2014;6(7):178-82.

Chaudhuri D, Ghate NK, Sakar R, Mandal N. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Withania somnifera root. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012;5(4):193-9.

Nandi SP, Mehrotra S, Kirar V, Shyam R, Misra K, Srivastava AK. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Biotechnol Res 2011;1:40-5.

Dai J, Mumper RJ. Plant phenolics: Extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Mol 2010;15(10):7313-52.

Mehrizi MH, Shariatmadari H, Khoshgoftarmanesh AH, Dehghani F. Copper effects on growth, lipid peroxidation, and total phenolic content of rosemary leaves under salinity stress. J Agric Sci Technol 2012;14:205-12.

Ruiz FA, Falcon MS, Lamela MC, Carballo EM, Gandara JS. Influence of major polyphenols on antioxidant activity in mencia and brancellao red wines. J Food Chem 2009;113:53-60.