COMPREHENSIVE INVITRO EVALUATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS AND GC-MS PROFILING OF FLACOURTIA JANGOMAS FLOWER EXTRACT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17419Keywords:
Antioxidants, MTT assay, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Calu6, SCC9, Flacourtia jangomasAbstract
Objective: Continued exploration and bio-evaluation of plants hold good as there are an increasing demand and recognition of natural products in disease management. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antiproliferative activity of methanolic extracts of different parts of six plants. Six plants - Couroupita guianensis, Flacourtia jangomas, Lucuma nervosa, Euphorbia milii, Acalypha hispida, and Hydnocarpus pentandra - were chosen for this study.
Methods: The plant parts were extracted with methanol and screened for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was investigated on SCC9 and Calu6 through MTT assay, and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. The flower extract of F. jangomas was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for purification of the compounds of interest. A twoway ANOVA was done to estimate the effect of the extract between samples remembered at p<0.05 level.
Results: Among all the plant extracts, the extract of F. jangomas (flower) showed significant antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 11.16±0.54 μg/ml
and 12.34±0.37 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 21 phytocompounds. MTT assay revealed that this extract had promising cytotoxic activity against the two cancer cell lines, Calu6 and SCC9 with IC50 values of 43.57±0.04 μg/ml and 53.42±0.15 μg/ml, respectively. The extract treatment caused significant arrest in G2M phase of cell cycle.
Conclusion: F. jangomas flower extract displayed significant antioxidant and antiproliferative activity and can be considered as a potential source of
anticancer compounds.
Â
Downloads
References
Somogyi A, Rosta K, Pusztai P, Tulassay Z, Nagy G. Antioxidant measurements. Physiol Meas 2007;28(4):R41-55.
Asha V, Kumar AA. Phytochemical investigations, extraction and thin layer chromatography of Acorus calamus Linn. Int J Res Stud Biosci (IJRSB) 2015;3(4):18-22.
Devasagayam TP, Tilak JC, Boloor KK, Sane KS, Ghaskadbi SS, Lele RD. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: Current status and future prospects. J Assoc Physicians India 2004;52:794-804.
Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007;39(1):44-84.
Sharma S, Vig AP. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of methanol and aqueous extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata L. leaves. ScientificWorldJournal 2013;2013:604865.
Guyton KZ, Kensler TW. Oxidative mechanisms in carcinogenesis. Br Med Bull 1993;49(3):523-44.
Saiket S, Raja C, Sridhar C, Reddy YS, Biplab D. Freeradicals, antioxidants diseases and phytomedicines: Current status and future prospect. J Pharm Sci 2010;3(1):91-100.
Upadhyay NK, Kumar MS, Gupta A. Antioxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48(12):3443-8.
Verma AR, Vijayakumar M, Mathela CS, Rao CV. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of different fractions of Moringa oleifera leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47(9):2196-201.
Vinodh KS, Natarajan A, Devi K, Senthilkumar B. Chemical composition of aqueous leaf extract of Murraya koenigii. Int J Pharm Biol 2013;4(3):493-7.
Adams RP. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. 3rd ed. Carol Stream, IL, USA: Allured Publishing Corporation; 2001. p. 1-804.
Sermakkani M, Thangapandian V. GC-MS analysis of Cassia italica Leaf methanol extract. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012;5(2):90-4.
Hites AR. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy: Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry. New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR; 1997. p. 609-11.
Reddy L, Odhav B, Bhoola KD. Natural products for cancer prevention: a global perspective. Pharmacol Ther 2003;99(1):1-13.
Amin AR, Kucuk O, Khuri FR, Shin DM. Perspectives for cancer prevention with natural compounds. J Clin Oncol 2009;27(16):2712-25.
Lee KW, Bode AM, Dong Z. Molecular targets of phytochemicals for cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer 2011;11(3):211-8.
Sharma H, Parihar L, Parihar P. Review on cancer and anticancerous properties of some medicinal plants. J Med Plants Res 2011;5:1818-35.
Alley MC, Scudiero DA, Monks A, Hursey ML, Czerwinski MJ, Fine DL, et al. Feasibility of drug screening with panels of human tumor cell lines using a microculture tetrazolium assay. Cancer Res
;48(1):589-601.
van de Loosdrecht AA, Beelen RH, Ossenkoppele GJ, Broekhoven MG, Langenhuijsen MM. A tetrazolium-based colorimetric MTT assay to quantitate human monocyte mediated cytotoxicity against leukemic cells from cell lines and patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J Immunol Methods 1994;174(1-2):311-20.
Premanathan M, Radhakrishnan S, Kulangiappar K, Singaravelu G, Thirumalaiarasu V, Sivakumar T, et al. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione), isolated from the flowers of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Indian J Med Res 2012;136(5):822-6.
Gopal CS, Ronok Z, Badrul AM, Saiful IM, Mosaddik MA, Kramul HM. Antibacterial activity of Flacourtia jangomas and Flacourtia separia. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2011;2(7):878-88.
Sreenika G, Sravanthi KN, Lakshmi BV, Thulja P, Sudhakar M. Antioxidant and antitumor activity of Euphorbia milii flower extract against in vivo breast cancer and colon cancer in mice. World J Pharm
Pharm Sci 2015;4(6):912-34.
Osarumwense PO, Okunrobo LO. Phytochemical screening and the antimicrobial properties of Acalypha hispida Burm. F. (Euphorbiaceae). Afr J Pharm Res Dev 2013;5(1):36-9.
Sahoo MR, Dhanabal SP, Jadhav AN, Reddy V, Muguli G, Babu UV, et al. Hydnocarpus: an ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological review. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;154(1):17-25.
Mensor LL, Menezes FS, Leitão GG, Reis AS, dos Santos TC, Coube CS, et al. Screening of Brazilian plant extracts for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method. Phytother Res 2001;15(2):127-30.
Zahin M, Aqil F, Ahmad I. The in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of four Indian medicinal plants. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2009;1 Suppl 1:88-95.
Chopra PK, Binda DS, Farhin I, Sujata SD. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra and HPLC analysis. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5:975-1491.
Ferrari M, Fornasiero MC, Isetta AM. MTT colorimetric assay for testing macrophage cytotoxic activity in vitro. J Immunol Methods 1990;131(2):165-72.
Dimmock JR, Vashishtha SC, Stables JP. Anticonvulsant properties of various acetylhydrazones, oxamoylhydrazones and semicarbazones derived from aromatic and unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Eur J Med
Chem 2000;35(2):241-8.
George SN, Harini BP, Bhadran S. In vitro assessment of antifungal activity of selected botanicals on Candida tropicalis. Int J Rec Sci Res 2016;7(4):9863-6.
Mirunalini S, Karthishwaran K, Vaithiyanathan V. Antiproliferative potential of Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) on human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cells by inducing apoptosis and modifying oxidant antioxidant status. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2014;7(5):89-95.
Harvey A. Strategies for discovering drugs from previously unexplored natural products. Drug Discov Today 2000;5(7):294-300.
Sanz-Biset J, Campos-de-la-Cruz J, Epiquién-Rivera MA, Cañigueral S. A first survey on the medicinal plants of the chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon). J Ethnopharmacol 2009;122(2):333-62.
Talukder C, Saha S, Adhikari S, Mondal HK, Islam MK, Anisuzzman MD. Evaluation of antioxidant, analgesic and antidiarrhoeal activity of Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. Leaves. Pharmacol online Arch
;3:20-8.
Onocha PA, Oloyede GK, Afolabi QO. Phytochemical investigation, cytotoxicity and free radical scavenging activities of non-polar fractions of Acalypha hispida (leaves and twigs). EXCLI J 2011;10:1-8.
Sathish M, Priyadarsini R, Sunitha PG, Saraswathy T. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts and isolated compounds of Clerodendrum phlomidis. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5(4):362-6.
McGaw LJ, Jäger AK, van Staden J. Isolation of antibacterial fatty acids from Schotia brachypetala. Fitoterapia 2002;73(8):431-3.
Seidel V, Taylor PW. In vitro activity of extracts and constituents of Pelagonium against rapidly growing mycobacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004;23(6):613-9.
Agoramoorthy G, Chandrasekaran M, Venkatesalu V, Hsu MJ. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of fatty acid methyl esters of the blind-your-eye mangrove from India. Braz J Microbiol
;38(4):739-42.
Bedia KK, Elçin O, Seda U, Fatma K, Nathaly S, Sevim R, et al. Synthesis and characterization of novel hydrazide-hydrazones and the study of their structure-antituberculosis activity. Eur J Med Chem 2006;41(11):1253-61.
Kumar N, Chauhan LS. Antimicrobial potential of hydrazide hydrazone derivatives: A review. Int J Pharm Clin Res 2015;7(2):154-61.
Rahman VP, Mukhtar S, Ansari WH, Lemiere G. Synthesis, stereochemistry and biological activity of some novel long alkyl chain substituted thiazolidin-4-ones and thiazan-4-one from 10-undecenoic acid hydrazide. Eur J Med Chem 2005;40(2):173-84.
Singh M, Raghav N. Biological activities of hydrazones: A review. Int J Pharm Sci 2011;3:26-32.
Savini L, Chiasserini L, Travagli V, Pellerano C, Novellino E, Cosentino S, et al. New alpha-(N)-heterocyclichydrazones: Evaluation of anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2004;39(2):113-22.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
