ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CHRYSANTHEMUM INDICUM L. FLOWERS AGAINST HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN MALE WISTAR RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i9.19463Keywords:
Atherosclerosis, Atherogenic diet, Chrysanthemum indicum L, AtorvastatinAbstract
Â
 Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic activity of ethanolic extract of Chrysanthemum indicum (EECI) flowers against high-fat diet induction in male Wistar rats.
Methods: The method used for induction of atherosclerosis was high-fat diet for 28 days. Rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Group I served as normal. Group II serves as high-fat diet-treated group. Group III serves as standard treated with high-fat diet+atorvastatin (30 mg/kg, p.o). Group IV serves as low dose treated with high-fat diet+EECI (150 mg/kg, p.o.). Group V serves as high dose treated with high-fat diet+EECI (300 mg/kg, p.o.). The following parameters, glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), very LDL (VLDL), triglycerides (TG), atherogenic index (AI), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, total protein, food consumption, and body weight, were evaluated and histopathological studies were performed.
Results: The results showed that EECI at a dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg exhibited significant decrease in glucose, TG, TC, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL, VLDL, AI, and total protein levels when compared to high-fat diet group. This investigation reveals that the extract-treated groups lower the serum TC and LDL-C levels significantly, which reduces the risk of coronary heart disease.
Conclusion: The experimental studies show that the EECI of both doses 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively, showed significant reduction in lipid profile, glucose, and total protein. From the study, the plant extract showed anti-atherosclerotic activity and thus authenticates its ethnomedicinal use.
Â
Downloads
References
Maton A, Hopkins J, McLaughlin CW. Human Biology and Health. New Jersy, USA: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs; 1993.
Knopp RH. Drug treatment of lipid disorders. N Engl J Med 1999;341(7):498-511.
Holm G, Herbst V, Teil B. Brogenkunde. Plant Med 2001;67:263-9.
Kokwaro JO. Medicinal Plants of East Africa. 2nd ed. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau; 1993.
Cheng W, Li J, You T, Hu C. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of the extracts from the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum indicum Linné. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;101(1-3):334-7.
Levy JV, Xie ZF. Effect of three Chinese herbal medicines (Ligustrazine, Chrysanthemum indicum, Salvia emiltiorrhizae) on PAF and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. Prostaglandins 1988;35(5):842.
Shunying Z, Yang Y, Huaidong Y, Yue Y, Guolin Z. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Chrysanthemum indicum. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;96(1-2):151-8.
Uchio Y, Tomosue K, Nakayama M, Yamammura A, Waki T. Constituents of the essential oil from three tetraploid species of chrysanthemum. Phytochemistry 1981;20(12):2691-3.
Yoshikawa M, Morikawa T, Murakami T, Toguchida I, Harima S, Matsuda H. Medicinal flowers. I. Aldose reductase inhibitors and three new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes, kikkanols A, B, and C, from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1999;47(3):340-5.
Mou LY, Zhu LY, Lin ZY, Liang XT Stereoselective total synthesis of chrysanthemol. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2001;3(2):103-16.
Cheon MS, Yoon T, Lee DY, Choi G, Moon BC, Lee AY, et al. Chrysanthemum indicum Linné extract inhibits the inflammatory response by suppressing NF-kappaB and MAPKs activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;122(3):473-7.
Trease GE, Evans WC. Textbook of Pharmacognosy. 12th ed. London: Bailliere Tindall; 1989.
Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Practical Pharmacognosy. 2nd ed. Mumbai, Pune: Nirali Prakashan; 1994.
Sun YP, Lu NC, Parmley WW, Hollenbeck CB. Effects of cholesterol diets on vascular function and atherogenesis in rabbits. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 2000;224(3):166-71.
Ramgopal M, Attitalla I, Avinash P, Meriga B. Evaluation of antilipidemic and anti-obesity efficacy of Bauhinia purpurea bark extract on rats fed with high fat diet. Acad J Plant Sci 2010;3(3):104-7.
Amran AA, Zaiton Z, Faizah O, Morat P. Effects of Garcinia atroviridis on serum profiles and atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of guinea pigs fed a high cholesterol diet. Singapore Med J 2009;50(3):295-9.
Yamakoshi J, Piskula MK, Izumi T, Tobe K, Saito M, Kataoka S, et al. Isoflavone aglycone-rich extract without soy protein attenuates atherosclerosis development in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J Nutr 2000;130(8):1887-93.
Rauch U, Osende JJ, Chasebro JH, Fuster V, Vorchheimer DA, Harris K, et al. Statin and cardiovascular disease: The multiple effects of lipid-lowering therapy by statin. Atherosclerosis 2002;153:181-9.
Rosenson RS. Statins in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2004;173:1-12.
Chen C, Liu L, Hsu J, Huang H, Yang M, Wang C. Mulberry extract inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed-rabbits. Food Chem 2005;91:601-7.
Lee HS, Ahn HC, Ku SK. Hypolipemic effect of water extracts of Picrorrhiza rhizoma in PX-407 induced hyperlipemic ICR mouse model with hepatoprotective effects: a prevention study. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;105(3):380-6.
Weintraub H. Atorvastatin 80mg: If You Can’t Go Lower, Go Elsewhere. In Medscape News; 2011.
Hur SJ, Du M, Nam K, Williamson M, Ahn DU. Effect of dietary fats on blood cholesterol and lipid and the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Nutr Res 2005;25:925-35.
Purohit A, Vyas KB. Antiatherosclerotic effect of Capparisdeciduas fruit extract in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Pharm Biol 2006;44:172-7.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
