SYNTHESIS OF 2-HIDROXYXANTHONE FROM XANTHONE AS A BASIC MATERIAL FOR NEW ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS

Authors

  • Amanatie Amanatie Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
  • Jumina Jumina Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
  • Mustofa Mustofa Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
  • Hanafi M Pusat Penelitian Kimia, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Serpong, Tanggerang 15314, Indonesia.
  • La Ode Kadidae Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kampus Baru Anduonohu, Kendari, Sulawesi, Tenggara 93232, Indonesia
  • Sahidin I Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kampus Baru Anduonohu, Kendari, Sulawesi, Tenggara 93232, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.19858

Keywords:

2-nitroxanthone, 2-aminoxanthone, 2-hydroxyxanthone, in-vitro, antiplasmodium, Plasmodium falciparum 3D7

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this research is to synthesize 2-hydroxyxanthone from xanthone and to evaluate its antiplasmodial activity.

Methods: The synthesis of 2-hydroxyxanthone followed the sequence of these synthetic stages, namely: 2-nitroxanthone, 2-aminoxanthone, and 2-hydroxyxanthone. The products were separated by chromatography methods including thin layer chromatography and vacuum liquid chromatography. Compound structures of the isolated products were determined based on their infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. To support these findings, the spectra were also matched to the corresponding data from literatures. The biological properties of the synthetic compound were evaluated toward Plasmodium falciparum 3D7.

Results: 2-nitroxanthone was obtained as a brownish-yellow crystal in 69.00% yield with Madhya Pradesh of 181°C. Reduction of 2-nitroxanthone using SnCl2.2H2O/hydrogen chloride produced 2-aminoxanthone as a pale-yellow solid in 60.60% yield. Finally, the desired 2-hydroxyxanthone was achieved by initially reacting 2-aminoxanthone with sodium nitride to produce diazonium salt. Then, hydrolysis of the salt yielded 2-hydroxyxanthone as a white solid in 69.81% yield. Synthesis of 2-hydroxyxanthone from xanthone had an overall yield of38.35%. In vitro antiplasmodial assay against P. falciparum 3D7 showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration value was 0.44 μg/mL.

Conclusions: An antimalarial compound (2-hydroxyxanthone) was successfully synthesized from xanthone in three steps of synthetic reactions, i.e., the formation of 2-nitroxanthone, 2-aminoxanthone, and 2-hydroxyxanthone.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Amanatie Amanatie, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.

Department of Pharmacy

References

WHO. Malaria. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en. [Last accessed on 2013 Mar 23].

WHO. World Malaria Report 2009. Geneva: WHO; 2009.

Vial A. Reseacher de novalis molecules antipaludieneents, uneurdence, un espoir. Pathol Biol 1994;42:138-44.

Mustofa M. Malaria between hope and reality, speech inauguration of professor of Gadjah Mada university. Yogyakarta: Indonesia; 2009.

Sholikah EN. New Anti-Plasmodium N-Alkyl and N-Benzyl 1,10-Fenantrolin Derivatives: Study in vitro Activity, Cytotoxicity, Physical Properties of Chemistry, and Pharmaco-Kinetics Profile, Dissertation, Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University; 2010.

Rosmalena R, Prasasti VD, Hanafi M, Budianto E, Elya B. Lignan derivatives potential as Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors: Molecular docking approach of antiplasmodiul drug design. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7(10):394-8.

Mahantheshappa SS, Satyanarayan ND, Mahadevan KN, Bommegowda YD, Tangaraj M. Synthesis, antiplasmodial and ADMET studies of 4-methylamino-2-phenylquinoline analogs. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;8(11):173-9.

Hay AE, Helesbeux JJ, Duval O, Labaied M, Grellier P, Richomme P. Antiplasmodiumxanthone from Calophylum caledonicum and Garcinia viellardii. Life Sci 2004;75:3077-85.

Miladiyah I, Jumina J, Haryana SM, Mustofa M. In silico molecular docking of xanthone derivatives as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor agents. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2017;9(3):98-104.

Wydyawaruyanti A, Khasanah U, Tumewu L, Ilmi H, Hafid AF, Tantular IS. Antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity study of ethanol extract and fraction from Alectronserratus leaves. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7(12):250-3.

Hafid AF, Septiani RP, Fabriana LH, Febrianty N, Ranggaditya D, Wydyawaruyanti A. Antimalarial activity of crude extracts Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus altilis and Artocarpus camansi. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2016;9(1):279-81.

Rahayu MK, Harmastuti N, Pamudji G, Klodengan D, Supargiyono S, Wijayanti MA. In vivo test of antimalarial activity from dichloromethane-ethylacetate-methanol fractions of mundu’s barks (Garcinia dulcis) in Swiss Webster mice. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2017;10:113-5.

Kosela S, Hu LH, Rachmatia T, Hanafi M, Sim KY. Dulxanthones F-H, three new pyranoxanthones from Garcinia dulcis. J Nat Prod 2000;63(3):406-7.

Hanafi M, Soemiati A, Kosela S, Leslie JH. Identification and Cytotoxic L1210 Cell Evaluation of Prenylatedpyranoxanthonoids from Garcinia dulcis Fruit (Gutteferae) n-Hexane Extract. Prosiding Seminar Internasional UGM; 2004.

Likhitwitayawuid K, Chanmahasathien W, Ruangrungsi N, Krungkrai J. Antiplasmodiumxanthones from Garcinia cowa. Plana Med 2000;64:70-2.

Wijayanti MA, Supargiyono S, Mustofa M, Sholikhah EN, Jumina J, Tahir I, et al. Heme Polymerization Inhibitory Activity (HPIA) of N-Alkyl and N-Benzyl-1,10-Phenanthroline Derivatives as Antiplasmodium, Proceeding of International Conference on Chemical Sciences (ICCS-20070: Jointly held by Department of Chemistry Gadjah Mada University and Department of Chemistry Universiti Sains Malaysia, Yogyakarta; 2007. p. 237-42.

Tomar N, Singh SV, Chottes LJ, Verma G, Anirban P, Singh V. Synthesis and anti-plasmodial activity of some novel chalcone derivatives. Asian J Pharm Res 2015;8(2):47-50.

No K, Noh Y. The synthesis of calix(4) arene. Bull Korean Chem Soc 1986;7:4.

Firdaus. Sintesis Seri Senyawa Aminokalisarenadan Penerapannyauntuk Menjerat Ion Logam Berat, PhD Thesis. Yogyakarta: Pascasarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2008.

Harborne JB. Methode of Phytopharmaca, Guide Modern Way of Analyzing Plants, Translation Kosasih Padmawinata and Iwang Sudiro. Bandung: ITB; 1987.

Amanatie A, Jumina J, Mustofa M, Hanafi M. Development of new xanthone compound derivatives from Garcinia dulcis root as anti-plasmodium. Research Report on Incentive Grant of Applied Research in the Field of Health and Pharmaceutical Technology Year II and III). Yogyakarta: Research Institute of Yogyakarta State University; 2009.

Naidoo JM. Novel Methodology for the Synthesis of Xanthones, Tesis. Johannesbur: Witwatersrand University; 2009.

Published

01-12-2017

How to Cite

Amanatie, A., J. Jumina, M. Mustofa, H. M, L. O. Kadidae, and S. I. “SYNTHESIS OF 2-HIDROXYXANTHONE FROM XANTHONE AS A BASIC MATERIAL FOR NEW ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS”. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 10, no. 12, Dec. 2017, pp. 242-6, doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.19858.

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)

Most read articles by the same author(s)