GREEN ALLOY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM ENDOPHYTIC EXTRACTS OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA AND STUDIES OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIMITOTIC ACTIVITY

Hemashekhar B; Govindappa M; Nagaraju Ganganagappa; Chandrasekhar N; Ramachandra Yl; Chandrappa Cp

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20834

Authors

Hemashekhar B Department of Biotechnology, Shridevi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, India http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-2446
Govindappa M Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-2446
Nagaraju Ganganagappa Department of Chemistry, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, India. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-2446
Chandrasekhar N Department of Chemistry, Shridevi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, India. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-2446
Ramachandra Yl Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Shankara Ghatta, Shimoga, Karnataka, India. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-2446
Chandrappa Cp Department of Biotechnology, Shridevi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20834

Keywords:

Silver nanoparticles, Antibacterial, Antimitotic

Abstract

Â

Â Objectives: The main aim is to elaborate a cost-effective and environmentally friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by endophytic extracts isolated from Withania somnifera as a reducing and capping agent, which has proven antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella sp.

Methods: Characterization of AgNPs was carried out employing ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). Antibacterial activity of AgNPs was conducted by disc diffusion method antimitotic activity was also evaluated by determining mitotic index in Allium cepa root tips.

Results: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was given a peak at 400 nm confirmed the AgNPs. The images of the SEM have confirmed the formation of AgNPs with an average size of 40 nm. XRD results were remarkable in confirmation of synthesized AgNPs with distinct XRD peaks at 2Î¸ values of 38, 44, 64, and 77 lattice planes were observed which indexed the facts of silver (111), (200), (220), and (311), respectively. The AgNPs showed effective antibacterial activity against tested microorganisms at 100 Î¼g/discs concentrations. A significant mitotic index (22.8Â±1.4b and 26.9Â±0.9b) was observed in A. cepa root tips at 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml concentration, respectively.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the endophytes of W. somnifera can be a good source for AgNP synthesis and showed a significant antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms, especially E. coli followed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Suggestive results were found in antimitotic activity which one of screening methods for development of anticancer drugs. An important outcome of our study will be the extension of value-added products for the industries of biomedical and nanotechnology based.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Hemashekhar B, Department of Biotechnology, Shridevi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, India

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Govindappa M, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Biotechnology

Nagaraju Ganganagappa, Department of Chemistry, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, India.

Biotechnology

Chandrasekhar N, Department of Chemistry, Shridevi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, India.

Biochemistry

Ramachandra Yl, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Shankara Ghatta, Shimoga, Karnataka, India.

biochemistry

References

Nameirakpam ND, Dheeban SP, Sutha S. Biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles from an endophytic fungus and their antimicrobial efficacy. Int J Biomed Adv Res 2012;3(5):309-15.

Benhamou N, Garand C, Goulet A. Ability of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47 to induce resistance against Pythium ultimum infection in cucumber. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002;68(8):4044-60.

Manjunath HM, Chandrashekhar GJ, Raju NG. Biogenic synthesis of silver nano particles using endophytic fungi Penicillium nodositatum and its antibacterial activity. J Chem Pharm Res 2014;6(8):12-17.

Swetha S, Valli N. Endophytes as potential nano factories. Int J Chem Environ Biol Sci 2013;1(1):488-91.

Farooqui A, Prakash SC, Praveen K, Jameel S. Extraction of silver nanoparticles from the leaf extracts of Clerodendrum inerme. Dig J Nanomater Biostruct 2010;5(1):43-9.

Darroudi M, Ahmad MB, Zak AK, Zamiri R, Hakimi M. Fabrication and characterization of gelatin stabilized silver nanoparticles under UV-light. Int J Mol Sci 2011;12(12):6346-56.

Kilin DS, Prezhdo OV, Xia YN. Shape-controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Ab in vitro study of preferential surface coordination with citric acid. Chem Phys Lett 2008;458:13-6.

Curtis A, Wilkinson C. Nantotechniques and approaches in biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 2001;19(3):97-101.

Sunkar S, Nachiyar V. Endophytes as potential nanofactories. Int J Chem Environ Biol Sci 2012;1(1):488-91.

Bansal V, Ramanathan R, Bhargava SK. Fungus mediated biological approaches towards green synthesis of oxide nanomaterialâ€™s. Aust J Chem 2011;64:279-3.

Hastak K, Agarwal MK, Mukhtar H, Agarwal ML. Ablation of either p21 or Bax prevents p53-dependent apoptosis induced by green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate. FASEB J 2005;19(7):789-1.

Virender KS, Ria AY, Lin Y. Silver nanoparticles: Green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009;145(1-2):83-96.

Shahverdi AR, Fakhimi A, Shahverdi HR, Minaian S. Synthesis and effect of silver nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nanomedicine 2007;3(2):168-71.

Furr JR, Russell AD, Turner TD, Andrews A. Antibacterial activity of Actisorb Plus, actisorb and silver nitrate. J Hosp Infect 1994;27(3):201-8.

Santhoshkumar T, Rahuman AA, Rajakumar G, Marimuthu S, Bagavan A, Jayaseelan C, et al. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against malaria and filariasis vectors. Parasitol Res 2011;108(3):693-702.

Silvestry-Rodriguez N, Bright KR, Slack DC, Uhlmann DR, Gerba CP. Silver as a residual disinfectant to prevent biofilm formation in water distribution systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008;74(5):1639-41.

El-Deeb NM, El-Sherbiny IM, El-Aassar MR, Hafez EE. Novel trend in colon cancer therapy using silver nanoparticles synthesized by honey bee. Nanomed Nanotechnol 2015;6:1-6.

Musarrat J, Dwivedi S, Singh BR, Al-Khedhairy AA, Azam A, Naqvi A. Production of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles in water extracts of the fungus amylomyces rouxii strain KSU-09. Bioresour Technol 2010;101(22):8772-6.

Jyoti KB, Ritu S, Sakshi J, Parul S. Phytochemical study of the plant Withania somnifera against various diseases. IOSR J Agric Vet Sci 2016;9(8):109-2.

Dipankar C, Nikhil BG, Rhitajit S, Nripendranath M. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Withania somnifera root. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012;5(4):193-9.

Reshma SK, Anju AJ, Jayanthi S, Ramalingam C, Anita SE. Investigation of biogenic silver nanoparticles green synthesized from Carica papaya. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7(5):107-10.

Bhattacharya SK, Muruganandam AV. Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: An experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;75(3):547-5.

Syed H, Keshava CK, Chandrashekar KR. Phytochemical evaluation and antibacterial activity of Pterospermum diversifolium blume. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011;3(2):165-7.

Ahmed GA, Hend D, Mujeeb MM. Disc diffusion method versus PCR for meca gene in detection of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in University Childrenâ€™s Hospital in Damascus, Syria. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:488-91.

Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45(4):493-6.

Chandrappa CP, Govindappa M, Anil Kumar NV. In vitro antimitotic, antiproliferative and DNA fragmentation assay of ethanol extract of Carmona retusa (Vahl.) Masam. Appl Cell Biol 2013;2(2):52-7.

Deepak KR, Aruna SP. Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by an endophytic Penicillium species of Aloe vera root evaluation of their antibacterial and antibiotic enhancing activity. Int J Nanomater Biostruct 2014;4:46-51.

Bharathidasan R, Panneerselvam A. Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using endophytic fungi Aspergillus concius, Penicillium janthinellum and Phomosis sp. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2012;3(9):3163-9.

Nagaraj B, Yong RL. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) peel extract: A novel approach towards waste utilization. Mater Lett 2013;109(15):31-3.

John De BA, Steena RS. Biosynthesis of silver nano particles and its antibacterial activity against human pathogens. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5(1):257-159.

Anbalagan S, Sankareswaran M, Prabhavathi P, Manikandan A, Karthikeyan G. Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2016;9(5):34-9.

Arsia TY. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Clausena anisata (willd.) Hook F ex Benth (Rutaceae). Innov J Ayruvedic Sci 2016;4(3):22-9.

Sridevi A, Sandhya A, Devi PS. Characterization and antibacterial studies of leaf assisted silver nanoparticles from Carica papaya: A green synthetic approach. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7(5):143-6.

Chandrappa CP, Chandrasekar N, Govindappa M, Chaitra S, Uttam KS, Jayashri M. Antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles by Simarouba glauca against pathogenic bacteria. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2017;9(4):19-22.

Thenmozhi A, Nagalakshmi A, Mahadeva US. Study of cytotoxic and antimitotic activities of Solanum nigrum by using Allium cepa root tip assay and cancer chemo preventive activity using MCF-7-human mammary gland breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Int J Sci Technol 2011;1(2):26-48.