PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF CALAMUS ROTANG LINN LEAF EXTRACTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.22397Keywords:
Leaves of Calamus rotang, Phytochemical screening, High-performance thin-layer chromatography analysisAbstract
 Objective: The present study was aimed at phytochemical screening, quantification, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of hexane, chloroform and ethanol leaf extracts of Calamus rotang.
Methods: Leaf extracts were prepared according to the polarity of the solvents, i.e., hexane, chloroform, and ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening involved the qualitative methods to detect the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, etc. Quantitative estimation of alkaloids using boldine as standard, phenols using gallic acid as standard, and flavonoids using quercetin as standard were done. HPTLC analysis was done with all three extracts along with quercetin and rutin standards using mobile phase for flavonoids, i.e., 90:10 ratio of chloroform and methanol solvents.
Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. Hence, quantification was done for these phytochemicals. Alkaloids were present significantly more in hexane leaf extract, i.e., 2.54±0.216mg boldine equivalents/g. Phenols were present significantly more in ethanolic leaf extract, i.e., 49.04±0.364 mg gallic acid equivalents)/g. Flavonoids were present in significant amount in ethanolic leaf extract, i.e., 458.85±5.74 mg quercetin equivalents/g. HPTLC analysis of hexane, chloroform, and ethanolic extracts showed the presence of flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, and some unknown flavonoid compounds.
Conclusion: Ethanolic leaf extract showed a high amount of phenols and flavonoids. Hence, the extract can be further exploited further for in vitro and in vivo research work.
Downloads
References
Hill AF. Economic Botany a Text Book of Useful Plants and Plant Products. 2nd ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Book Company Inc.; 1952.
Sala A, Recio MD, Giner RM, Manez S, Tournier H, Schinella G, et al. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties of Helichrysum italicum. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002;54:365-71.
Santhi K, Sengottuvel R. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of Moringa concanensis Nimmo. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2016;5:633-40.
Choudhary N, Sekhon BS. An overview of advances in the standardization of herbal drugs. J Pharm Educ Res 2011;2:55-70.
Irmgard M, Steffen W, Abraham U, Eike R. Validated HPTLC methods for the determination of salicin in Salix sp. and of harpagoside in Harpogophytum procumbens. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008;48:587-91.
Alqasoumi SI, Alam P, Anwer MK, Abdel-Kader MS. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Khellin in Ammi visnaga friuts and pharmaceutical preparations using HPTLC and HPLC. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 2014;37:61-72.
Roopashree TS, Dang R, Rani SR, Narendra C. Antibacterial activity of anti-psoriatic herbs: Cassia tora, Momordica charantia and Calendula officinalis. Int J Appl Res Nat Prod 2008;1:20-8.
Singleton VL, Rossi JA. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Viticult 1965;16:144-58.
Bao J, Cai Y, Sun M, Wang G, Corke H. Anthocyanins, flavonols, and free radical scavenging activity of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) extracts and their color properties and stability. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:2327-32.
Sreevidya N, Mehrotra S. Spectrophotometric method for estimation of alkaloids precipitable with dragendorff’s reagent in plant materials. J AOAC Int 2003;86:1124-7.
Arunachalam KD, Arun LB, Annamalai SK, Arunachalam AM. Biofunctionalized gold nanoparticles synthesis from Gymnema sylvestre and its preliminary anticancer activity. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:423-30.
Arunachalam KD, Annamalai SK, Arunachalam AM, Kennedy S. One step green synthesis of phytochemicals mediated gold nanoparticles from Aegle marmales for the prevention of urinary catheter infection. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:700-6.
Lin Y, Shi R, Wang X, Shen HM. Luteolin, a flavonoid with potential for cancer prevention and therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2008;8:634-46.
Khacha-ananda S, Tragoolpua K, Chantawannakul P, Tragoolpua Y. Antioxidant and anti-cancer cell proliferation activity of propolis extracts from two extraction methods. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14:6991-5.
Hendra R, Ahmad S, Sukari A, Shukor MY, Oskoueian E. Flavonoid analyses and antimicrobial activity of various parts of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) boerl fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2011;12:3422-31.
Rathee P, Chaudhary H, Rathee S, Rathee D, Kumar V, Kohli K, et al. Mechanism of action of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: A review. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 2009;8:229-35.
Nobori T, Miurak K, Wu DJ, Takabayashik LA, Carson DA. Deletion of the cyclin-dependent kinase-4 inhibitor gene in multiple human cancers. Nature 1994;368:753-6.
Shil A, Himel MK, Khair A, Alam MN, Uddin AF. In vitro antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of leaf and fruit of Calamus rotang Linn. J Exp Biosci 2012;3:33-6.
Devi SA, Ganjewala D. Antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of sweet-flag (Acorus calamus) leaves and rhizomes. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 2011;17:1-11.
Samarakoon SR, Shanmuganathan C, Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Piyathilaka P, Thabrew I, et al. In vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of mangrove plant, Phoenix paludosa Roxb. Trop J Pharm Res 2016;15:127-32.
Parajuli S, Pun NT, Parajuli S, Jamarkattel-Pandit N. Antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents in some selected medicinal plants of Nepal. J Health Allied Sci 2012;2:27-31.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
