SYNTHESIS OF BENTONITE NANOCLAY AND INCORPORATION OF CASSIA FISTULA LEAF EXTRACT TO FORM ORGANOBENTONITE: CHARACTERIZATION AND ITS BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.26717Keywords:
Bentonite, Nanoclay, Organobentonite, BiomedicalAbstract
Objective: In this work, methanolic leaf extract from Cassia fistula (known as aragvadha) was incorporated into bentonite nanoclay to form organobentonite. This organobentonite of nanosize was further used for its effective biomedical applications since medicinal clay finds its own advantage over decades.
Methods: The bentonite nanoclay was produced by energetic stirring followed by centrifugation and was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The organobentonite was produced using freeze and thaw method. Antioxidant property was studied using Molyneux method, and thrombolytic activity was analyzed using in vitro clot lysis method.
Results: The nanosize of bentonite nanoclay between 57 and 82 nm with irregular to spherical shape was confirmed using SEM analysis. The sharp diffraction peak in XRD analysis shows the crystalline nature of bentonite nanoclay, and FTIR results revealed the successful incorporation of the methanolic extract within the bentonite nanoclay. The organobentonite exhibits 84.5% antioxidant property as well as 31% clot lysis activity when compared to the extract and the bentonite nanoclay.
Conclusion: Thus, the non-toxic and inexpensive bentonite nanoclay have a high aspect ratio with multifarious applications in medicine, food, cosmetics, and health products. Through this study, the bentonite nanoclay modified using plant alkaloid (organobentonite) is found to possess good biomedical property.
Downloads
References
Zhang D, Zhou C, Lin C, Tong D, Yu W. Synthesis of clay minerals. Appl Clay Sci 2010;50:1-11.
Salam MA, Kosa SA, Al-Beladi AA. Application of nanoclay for the adsorptive removal of Orange G dye from aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2017;167:3-4.
Floody MC, Theng B, Reyes P, Mora M. Natural nanoclays: Applications and future trends-a Chilean perspective. Clay Miner 2009;44:161-76.
Apsana G, George PP, Devanna N, Yuvasravana R. Biomimetic synthesis and antibacterial properties of strontium oxide nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:384-9.
Rajasekar A, Janakiraman V, Govindarajan K. In vitro cytotoxic study of green synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles using Eclipta prostrata (L.) against Ht-29 cell line. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2016;9:189-93.
Jozefaciuk G. Effect of acid and alkali treatments on surface-charge properties of selected minerals. Clays Clay Miner 2002;50:647.
Jozefaciuk G, Bowanko G. Effect of acid and alkali treatments on surface areas and adsorption energies of selected minerals. Clays Clay Miner 2002;50:771.
Komadel P. Chemically modified smectites. Clay Miner 2003;38:127.
Hosterman JW, Patterson SH. Bentonite and Fuller’s Earth Resources of the United States. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1522: United States Government Printing Office; 1992.
Venkatathri N. Characterization and catalytic properties of a naturally occurring clay, Bentonite. Bull Catalysis Soc India 2006;5:61-72.
Karimi L, Salem A. The role of bentonite particle size distribution on kinetic of cation exchange capacity. J Ind Eng Chem 2010;17:90- 5.
Gutierrez TJ, Ponce AG, Alvarez VA. Nano-clays from natural and modified montmorillonite with and without added blueberry extract for active and intelligent food nanopackaging materials. Mater Chem Phys 2017;194:283-92.
Duraipandiyan V, Ignacimuthu S. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Cassia fitula L.: An ethnomedicinal plant. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;112:590-4.
Dutta A, De B. Seasonal variation in the content of sennosides and rhein in leaves and pods of Cassia fistula. Indian J Pharmacol Sci 1998;60:388-90.
Panda SK, Padhi LP, Mohanty G. Antibacterial activities and phytochemical analysis of Cassia fitula (Linn.) leaf. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2011;2:62-7.
Govindarajan M. Bioefficacy of Cassia fistula Linn. (Leguminosae) leaf extract against chikungunya vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2009;13:99-103.
Floody MC, Bendall JS, Jara AA, Welland ME, Theng BK, Rumpel C, et al. Nanoclays from an andisol: Extraction, properties and carbon stabilization. Geoderma 2011;161:159-67.
James O, Adediran M, Adekola F, Odebumni E, Adekeye J. Benefication and characterization of a bentonite from north-eastern Nigerian. J N C Acad Sci 2008;124:154-8.
Gowdhami M, Sarkar BL, Ayyasamy PM. Screening of phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of Annona squamosa extracts. Int J Pharm Sci Invent 2014;3:30-9.
Nooria S, Kokabia M, Hassan ZM. Nanoclay enhanced the mechanical properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogel as wound dressing. Procedia Mater Sci 2015;11:152-6.
Molyneux P. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity, Songklanakarin. J Sci Technol 2004;26:211-9.
Prasad S, Kashyap RS, Deopujari JY, Purohit HJ, Taori GM, Daginawala HF. Development of an in vitro model to study clot lysis activity of thrombolytic drugs. Thromb J 2006;1477:4-14.
Wanyika H, Maina E, Gachanja A, Marika D. Instrumental characterization of montmorillonite clays by X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and UV/visible spectrophotometry. J Agr Sci Technol 2016;17:1.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
