INVESTIGATION OF PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AERIAL ROOTS OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS LINN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27287Keywords:
Antioxidant, Analgesic, Glycoside, Terpenoid, PharmacognosticAbstract
Objective: Ficus benghalensis Linn. (Moraceae family) is commonly known as banyan tree in English, which is used traditionally in India. The literature survey showed that the aerial roots of this plant are yet to be explored. Our main interest is to evaluate its pharmacognostic and phytochemical character by the standard monograph and to explore its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo analgesic activity study with ethyl acetate extract.
Methods: Pharmacognostic evaluation and phytochemical screening have been done using standard monograph. An in vitro antioxidant activity using ethyl acetate extract has been done using four different methods. In vivo analgesic activity of the ethyl acetate extract has been evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice and tail flick method.
Results: Aerial roots of F. benghalensis have been found the rich source of steroidal glycosides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tri-terpenoids, and phenols. The presence of phellem, phellogen, xylem, and phloem has been found after microscopic investigation. All the pharmacognostic parameters proved its purity. Results showed the absence of heavy metals. The ethyl acetate extract has shown potent antioxidant activity at 100 μg/ml concentration and higher analgesic activity at the concentration of 400 mg/kg than 200 mg/kg.
Conclusion: Pharmacognostic characteristics and phytochemical properties revealed in this study could be used for the pharmacopoeial standard. Ethyl acetate extract showed potent antioxidant and analgesic activity.
Downloads
References
Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol 2014;4:177.
Govindan V, Francis GS. Qualitative and quantitative determination of secondary metabolites and antioxidant potential of Ficus benghalensis Linn seed. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015;7:118-24.
Gayathri M, Kannabiran K. Antidiabetic and ameliorative potential of Ficus bengalensis bark extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2008;23:394-400.
Patil VV, Patil VR. Ficus Bengalensis Linn.-an overview. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2010;1:1-11.
Patel MA, Patel PK, Patel MB. Aqueous extract of Ficus bengalensis Linn. Bark for inflammatory bowel disease. J.young pharm 2010;2:130-6.
Indian pharmacopoeia. Vol. 1.The Indian Pharmacopoeial Commission. Ghaziabad: Chemical Methods; 2014. p. 96-9.
Kokate CK. Practical Pharmacognosy. Evaluation of Crude Drug. 4th ed. New Delhi, India: Vallabh Prakashan; 1994. p. 124-5.
Kokate CK. Practical Pharmacognosy. Phytochemical Screening. 4th ed. New Delhi, India: Vallabh Prakashan; 1994. p. 108-9.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM, Aruoma OI. The deoxyribose method: A simple test-tube†assay for determination of rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals. Anal Biochem 1987;1:215-9.
Siddhuraju P, Becker K. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agroclimatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaves. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:2144-55.
Chaudhary A, Bhandari A, Pandurangan A. Superoxide radical scavenging activity antioxidant potential and total phenolic content of methanolic bark extract of Madhuca indica (koenig) Gmelin. Anc sci life 2012;31:132-6.
Biswas M, Halder PK, Ghosh AK. Antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging effects of fruits of Dregea volubilis. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2010;1:29-34.
Slinkard K, Singleton VL. Total phenol analysis: Automation and comparison with manual methods. Am J Enol Vitic 1977;28:49-55.
Gulcin I, Oktay M, Kufrevioglu I. Determination of antioxidant activity of Lichen Cetraria islandica (L). Ach J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79:325-9.
Afsar T, Khan M.R, Razak S, Ullah S, Mirza B. Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Acacia Hydaspica R. Parker and its phytochemical analysis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015;15:136-47.
Banarjee S, Mukherjee A, Chatterjee TK. Evaluation of analgesic activities of methanolic extract of medicinal plant Juniperus communis Linn. Int J Pharm Sci 2012;4:547-50.
Saeed N, Khan M.R, Shabbir M. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extracts Torilis leptophylla L. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012;12:221-33.
Gordon MH. The mechanism of antioxidant action in vitro. In Food antioxidants. In: Hudson BJ, editor. London: Elsevier Applied Science; 1990. p. 1-18.
Meyer AS, Isaksen A. Application of enzymes as food antioxidants. Trends Food Sci Tech 1995;6:300-4.
Kasthuri O R, Ramesh B. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of Alternanthera brasiliana (L). Kuntze and Alternanthera bettzickiana Regel. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:266-72.
Zahin M, Aqil F, Ahmad I. The in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of four Indian medicinal plants. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2009;1:88-95.
Duarte I, Nakamura M, Ferreira S. Participation of the sympathetic system in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 1987;21:341-3.
Sethi N, Bhatti R, Ishar MPS. In vivo pharmacological profile of substituted (3-pyridyl)-2-phenylisoxazolidine analogues of nicotine as novel antinociceptives. Res Pharm Sci 2014;9:59-67.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
