CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF CORCHORUS DEPRESSUS AGAINST HEPG2 AND HLE HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELLS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.27937Keywords:
Liver cancer, HepG2 and HLE cell line, Corchorus depressus, Cytotoxicity, MTT, Neutral red uptake assayAbstract
Objective: The present study was designed to examine the cytotoxic effects of methanolic extract of aerial parts of Corchorus depressus and hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of the same extract in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HepG2) and invasive hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HLE).
Methods: Anti-proliferative effects were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. Human HCC (HepG2) and invasive hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HLE) were treated with different concentrations of methanolic extract (10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL) of aerial parts of C. depressus as well as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions (200 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. The cell viability and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were determined.
Results: The maximum cytotoxic effect was noticed with a maximum dose of methanolic extract (500 μg/mL) and alkaloidal fraction (200 μg) in this study with an IC50 value of about 200 μg.
Conclusion: The set of studies showed that methanolic extract of aerial parts of C. depressus and alkaloidal, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions fractions was capable of inhibiting cell growth and cell proliferation by inducing cytotoxicity of HepG2 and HLE cells.
Downloads
References
Kim DY, Han KH. Epidemiology and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2012;1:2-14.
Al-Sarraf M, Go TS, Kithier K, Vaitkevicius VK. Proceedings: Primary liver cancer. A review of the clinical features, blood groups, serum enzymes, therapy, and survival of 65 cases. Cancer 1999;33:574-82.
Bosch FX, Ribes J, Borràs J. Epidemiology of primary liver cancer. Semin Liver Dis 1999;19:271-85.
Pang R, Tse E, Poon RT. Molecular pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2006;240:157-69.
Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Summary of an AASLD single topic conference. Hepatology 2003;37:1202-19.
Edmondson HA, Steiner PE. Primary carcinoma of the liver: A study of 100 cases among 48,900 necropsies. Cancer 1954;7:462-503.
Upadhyay B, Parveen AK, Dharker AK. Ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmaco-statistical studies of Eastern Rajasthan, India. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;129:64-86.
Jain A, Katewa SS, Chaudhary BL, Galav P. Folk herbal medicines used in birth control and sexual diseases by tribals of Southern Rajasthan, India. J Ethnopharmacol 2004;90:171-7.
National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources. The Wealth of India- A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products, Raw Materials. New Delhi: National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (CSIR); 1993. p. 195-200.
Naqvi SA, Khan MS, Vohora SB. Anti-bacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic investigation on Indian medicinal plants. Fitoterapia 1991;62:221-8.
Simonsen HT, Nordskjold JB, Smitt UW, Nyman U, Palpu CP, Joshi P, et al. In-vitro screening of Indian medicinal plants for antiplasmodial activity. J Ethnophamacol 2001;74:195-204.
Nyman U, Josh P, Madsen LB, Pedersen TB, Pinstrup M, Rajasekharan S, et al. Ethnomedical information and in vitro screening for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition of plants utilized as traditional medicines in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Kerala (India). J Ethnophamacol 1998;60:247-63.
Jain A, Katewa SS, Galav PK, Sharma P. Medicinal plant diversity of Sitamata wildlife sanctuary, Rajasthan, India. J Ethno Pharm 2005;102:143-57.
Singh AK, Raghubanshi AS, Singh JS. Medical ethnobotany of the tribal of Sonaghati of Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh India. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;81:31-41.
Upadhyay B, Singh KP, Kumar A. Ethno-veterinary uses and informants consensus factor of Sariska region, Rajasthan, India. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;133:14-25.
Raza MA, Younas M, Buerkert A, Schlecht E. Ethno-botanical remedies used by pastoralists for the treatment of live stock diseases in Cholistan desert, Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol 2013;13:774-5.
Panhwar AQ, Hidaytullah A. Ethnobotanical studies of Mahal Kohistan (Khirthar National Park). Pak J Bot 2007;39:2301-15.
Khan MS, Javed K, Khan MH, Shamsi MA, Siddique A. α amyrin derivatives from Corchorus depressus. Phytochem 1991;30:1989-92.
Harsh ML, Nag TN. Flavonoids with antimicrobial activity of arid zone plants. Geobios 1988;15:32-5
Kataria S, Kaur D, Rao SK, Sharma N, Khajuria RI. Hepatoprotective and in vivo antioxidant effects of Corchorus depressus (L.). Res J Pharm Tech 2012;5:1402-7.
Pareek A, Ashok G, Nagori BP. In vitro hepatoprotective activity of Corchorus depressus L. Against CCl4 induced toxicity in HepG2 cell line. Pharm J 2013;5:191-5.
Hailin YG, Ye J, Jiang X, Wu C. Anti-proliferative effect of allicin on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Biomed Res 2016;27:195-8.
Borenfreund E, Babich H, Martin-Alguacil N. Comparisons of two in vitro cytotoxicity assays-the neutral red (NR) and tetrazolium MTT tests. Toxicol In Vitro 1988;2:1-6.
Available from: https://www.atcc.org/~/media/DA5285A1 F52C 414E864C966FD78C9A79.ashx.
Fautz R, Husein B, Hechenberger C. Application of the neutral red assay (NR assay) to monolayer cultures of primary hepatocytes: Rapid colorimetric viability determination for the unscheduled DNA synthesis test (UDS). Mutat Res 1991;253:173-9.
Morgan CD, Mills KC, Lefkowitz DL, Lefkowitz SS. An improved colorimetric assay for tumor necrosis factor using WEHI 164 cells cultured on novel microtiter plates. J Immunol Methods 1991;145:259-62.
Fotakis G, Timbrell JA. In vitro cytotoxicity assays: Comparison of LDH, neutral red, MTT and protein assay in hepatoma cell lines following exposure to cadmium chloride. Toxicol Lett 2006;160:171-7.
Thangaraj P. Pharmacological Assays of Plant Based Natural Products. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2016.
Dutta S, Deb N, Pattnaik AK, Besra SE. Apoptosis inducing potential of Lawsonia alba Lam. Leaves on hepatocellular carcinoma (HEP-G2) cells along with its anti-oxidant property. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;8:156-62.
Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Hirohashi S, Sakamoto M, Yamamoto J. Early hepato cellular carcinoma as an entity with a high rate of surgical cure. Hepatology 1998;28:1241-6.
Horgan AM, Dawson LA, Swaminath A, Knox JJ. Sorafenib and radiation therapy for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2012;43:344-8.
Dey S, Roy S, Deb N, Sen KK, Besra SE. Anti-carcinogenic activity of Ruellia Tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae) leaf extract on hepatoma cell line and increased superoxide dismutase activity on macrophage cell lysate. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5:854-61.
De Meester C. Genotoxic potential of b-carbolines: A review. Mutat Res 1995;339:139-53.
Taira Z, Kanzawas S, Dohara C, Ishida S, Matsumoto M, Sakiya Y. Intercalation of six beta-carboline derivatives into DNA. J Toxicol Environ Health 1997;43:83-91.
Funayama Y, Nishi K, Wakabayashi K, Nagao M, Simio K, Ohira T, et al. Effects of b- and g-carboline derivates on DNA topoisomerase activities. Mutat Res 1996;349:183-91.
Remsen JF, Cerutti PA. Inhibition of DNA-repair and DNA synthesis by Harman in human alveolar tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979;86:124-9.
Lamchouri F, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, Zemzami M, Lyoussi B, Zaid A, et al. Antitumor principles from Peganum harmala seeds. Therapy 1999;54:753-8.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
