PHARMACOGNOSTIC, PHYSICOCHEMICAL, AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON STEM BARK OF ZANTHOXYLUM ARMATUM DC.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i2.30292Keywords:
Zanthoxylum armatum DC, Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Stem barkAbstract
Objectives: To analyze the microscopic, macroscopic, physicochemical, and phytochemical standards of the Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (stem bark).
Methods: Pharamacognostic studies, namely macroscopic, microscopic, and powder microscopic analysis of stem bark were carried out. Physicochemical standards - ash content including total ash content, water soluble, and acid insoluble ash values, moisture content by loss on drying, solubility and extractive values of Z. armatum DC. were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis and quantification of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids were also studied.
Results: The macroscopic studies of stem bark showed the stem and its branches, armed with long, sharp prickles with variable size. The transverse section of bark showed the phellogen, phelloderm, cortex, phloem, and medullary rays that are characteristics to Z. armatum DC. The results of physicochemical standards give the identity and purity of the selected sample. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids.
Conclusion: The present findings provide the pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical information about the stem bark of Z. armatum and this might be useful by providing additional support with regard to its identification and standardization parameters.
Downloads
References
Narayana DB, Katayar CK, Brindavanam NB. Original system: Search, research or research. IDMA Bull 1998;29:413-6.
Nivedithadevi D, Somasundaram R. Pharmacognostical and qualitative phytochemical studies on the aerial parts of Tephrosla purpurea (L). Int J Res Biol Sci 2012;2:48-53.
Chanda S. Importance of pharmacognostic study of medicinal plants: An overview. J Pharm Phytochem 2014;2:69-73.
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Ayush. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. 1st ed. New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Ayush; 2007. p. 168.
Dikshit A, Hussain A. Antifungal activities of some essential oils against animal pathogens. Fitoterapia 1984;55:171-6.
Jain SR, Jain MR. Antifungal studies on some indigenous volatile oils and their combinations. Planta Med 1972;22:136-9.
Shah GM, Khan MA. Checklist of Medicinal Plants of Siran Valley. Mansehra, Pakistan: Ethnobot Lealf; 2006. p. 63-71.
Shinwari ZK, Watanabe T, Rehman M, Yoshikawa T. A Pictorial Guide to Medicinal Plants of Pakistan. Kohat: Published by KUST; 2006.
Ahmad S, Ali A, Beg H, Dasti AA, Shinwari ZK. Ethnobotanical studies on some medicinal plants of Booni valley, District Chitral, Pakistan. Pak J Weed Sci Res 2006;12:183-90.
Khare CP. An Illustrated Dictionary. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer- Verlag; 2007. p. 730.
Verma N, Khosa RL. Hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum DC in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010;47:124-7.
Ranawat L, Bhatt J, Patel J. Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts of bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC in CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;127:777-80.
Singh TD, Meitei HT, Sharma AL, Robinson A, Singh LS, Singh TR. Anticancer properties and enhancement of therapeutic potential of cisplatin by leaf extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Biol Res 2015;48:46.
Mukhija M, Singh MP, Dhar KL, Kalia AL. Cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of Zanthoxylum alatum stem bark and its flavonoid constituents. J Pharm Phytochem 2015;4:86-92.
Baral SR, Kurmi PP. A Compendium of Medicinal Plants in Nepal. Kathmandu: Mrs Rachana Sharma Publication; 2006.
Karki H, Upadhayay K, Pal H, Singh R. Antidiabetic potential of Zanthoxylum armatum bark extract on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Green Pharm 2014;45:77-83.
Rynjah CV, Devi NN, Khongthaw N, Syiem D, Majaw S. Evaluation of the antidiabetic property of aqueous leaves extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches. J Trad Comp Med 2018;8:134-40.
Amponsah IS, Mensah AY, Otoo A, Mensah ML, Jonathan J. Pharmacognostic standardisation of Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H. Walt. (Phytolaccaceae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014;4:941-6.
Khandelwal KR. Practical Pharmacognosy. 10th ed. Pune: Nirali Publication; 2003.
Thitikornpong W, Phadungcharoen T, Sukrong S. Pharmacognostic evaluations of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves. J Med Plant Res 2011;5:1330-7.
Edwin S, Joshi SB, Jain DC. Comparative pharmacognostic studies on root powder of Plumbago zeylanica and Plumbago rosea. Indian J Nat Prod 2008;2:27-9.
Controller of Publications. Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. Vol. 2. New Delhi: Controller of Publications.
Brindha P, Bhimarao S. Pharmacognostic Studies on Coleus Aromatic Benth. Indian Berage, B.M.E.B.R; 1981. p. 17-31.
Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1984. p. 1-89.
Swain T, Hillis E. The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica I. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. J Sci Food Agric 1959;10:63-8.
Ferguson NM. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy. New Delhi: Mac Milan Company; 1956. p. 191.
Malik EP, Singh MB. Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology. 1st edn. New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers; 1980. p. 286.
Krishnaiah D, Devi T, Bono A, Sarbatly R. Studies on phytochemical constituents of six Malaysian medicinal plants. J Med Plants Res 2009;3:67-72.
Hiai S, Oura H, Nakajima T. Color reaction of some sapogenins and saponins with vanillin and sulfuric acid. Plant Med 1976;29:116-22.
Singh S, Machawal L, Chauhan MG. Pharmacognostic study of male leaves of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. With special emphasis on microscopic technique. J Pharm Phytother 2010;2:71-5.
Kapoor M, Jasani N, Acharya N, Acharya S, Kumar V. Phytopharmacological evaluation and anti-asthmatic activity of Ficus religiosa leaves. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011;4:642-4.
Jothimani R, Karthikeyan K, Balasundaram J. Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of prop roots of Pandanus fascicularis Lam. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011;4:649-53.
Lachumy SJ, Sasidharan S, Sumathy V, Zuraini Z. Pharmacological activity, phytochemical analysis and toxicity of methanol extract of Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) flowers. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2010;3:769-74.
Bragadeeswaran S, Thangaraj S, Rajiv CR, Balaji D. Pharmacological and biomedical properties of sea anemones Paracondactylis indicus, Paracondactylis sinensis, Heteractis magnifica and Stichodactyla haddoni from East coast of India. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011;4:722-6.
Keerthana K, Jothi G, Gurunagarajan S, Nayagam AA. Microscopic, physicochemical and phytochemical studies of Gardenia jasminoides. [Ellis]. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2018;10:97-102.
WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plants. Geneva: WHO; 2002. p. 28-31.
Thomas S, Patil DA, Patil AG, Chandra N. Pharmacognostic evaluation and physicochemical analysis of Averrhoa carambola L. Fruit. J Herb Med Toxicol 2008;2:51-4.
Britto JD, Sebastian SR. Biosynthesis of silver nano particles and its antibacterial activity against human pathogens. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011;5:257-9.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
