GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY - MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS, INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY INVESTIGATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA (L.) ROXB SEED KERNEL

ALI ALRABIE; OLA BASAʼA R; MAZAHAR FAROOQUI

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i4.32067

Authors

ALI ALRABIE Department of Chemistry, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
OLA BASAʼA R Department of Chemistry, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
MAZAHAR FAROOQUI Department of Chemistry, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i4.32067

Keywords:

Heavy metals, Caesalpinia bonducella, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and phytochemical constituents of methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernel using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Methods: In GC-MS investigation, 95% methanol extract of C. bonducella seed kernel was performed on JEOL GC MATE ΙΙ, column HP 5 MS, and Quadruple, double-focusing mass analyzer. Determination of heavy metals from C. bonducella powder was performed using Thermo scientific I CAP Q instrument, for plant powder digestion Anton Paar Microwave model: Multiwave 300 was used. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using microdilutions broth method.

Results: GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of C. bonducella seed kernel has shown 11 different phytoconstituents. ICP-MS analysis has shown the concentration of ten heavy metals in C. bonducella seed kernel as follows: Cr 1.5 ppm, Fe 72.72 ppm, Co 0.33 ppm, Ni 0.03 ppm, Cu 10.73 ppm, Zn 18.44 ppm, As 0.03 ppm, Cd 0.02 ppm, and Pb 0.58 ppm.

Conclusion: Result showed that the plant is safe to use from toxic heavy metals such as As, Cd, and Pb. It is suitable to check frequently the heavy metal content in the plant used in traditional medicines before given to patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bhanisana DR, Sarma HN. Profile of trace element in selected medicinal plants of north east India. J Appl Phys 2013;4:47-51.

Karimi A, Majlesi M, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Herbal versus synthetic drugs; beliefs and facts. J Nephropharmacol 2015;4:27-30.

Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: Issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol 2014;4:177.

Nema SS, Khaled AA, Nour El-Huda YH. Impact of toxic heavy metals and pesticide residues in herbal products. Beni Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 2016;5:102-6.

Vera D, Miomir Š, Dijana Đ, Boban M. Investigation of heavy metals content in selected Tea brands marketed in Podgorica, Montenegro. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2016;7:4798-804.

Lajayer BA, Ghorbanpour M, Nikabadi S. Heavy metals in contaminated environment: Destiny of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, oxidative status and phytoextraction in medicinal plants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017;145:377-90.

Michaela Z, Iva JC. Trace determination of potentially toxic elements in (medicinal) plant materials review. Anal Methods 2017;9:1550-74.

Pereira JB Jr., Dantas KG. Evaluation of inorganic elements in cat’s claw teas using ICP OES and GF AAS. Food Chem 2016;196:331-7.

Subramanian R, Gayathri S, Rathnavel C, Raj V. Analysis of mineral and heavy metals in some medicinal plants collected from local market. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012;2:574-8.

Kanda A, Ncube F, Kunsamala F. Investigation of some metals in leaves and leaf extracts of Lippia javanica: Its daily intake. J Environ Public Health 2017;2017:1-9.

Ibrahim MH, Kong YC, Zain NA. Effect of cadmium and copper exposure on growth, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in the medicinal plant sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) merr). Molecules 2017;22:E1623.

Oloteju DA, Olalekan JK, Kayode SA, Gabriel AO, Manuel TM. Lead and cadmium contents in a medicinal plant/spice grown in an urban city of Nigeria. Cogent Food Agric 2016;2:1-8.

Aleksandra SS, Radmile P, Dragana J, Zoran D, Aleksandar S. Heavy metals content in selected medicinal plants commonly used as components for herbal formulations. J Agric Sci 2015;21:317-25.

Gilbert UA, Adedoyin A. Evaluation of potentially toxic metal contamination of local medicinal plants and extracts sold in Ibadan/Nigeria. J Health Pollut 2017;7:23-9.

Nazeer AR. Effect of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extract on histoarchitecture of some vital organs and clinical chemistry in female albino rats. J King Suad Univ Sci 2013;25:1-6.

Shruti S, Archana M, Pradeep M, Suresh PV, Vivek KB. Preliminary phytochemicals and antifungal screening of various organic extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. Rom Biotechnol Lett 2011;16:6384-9.

Deepika KS, Rama N, Meenakshi SM, Ravichandran N, David R, Brindha P. Evaluation of in vitro anticancer potential of ethanolic extract and its different fractions of Caesalpinia bonduc (L) Roxb seeds. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:311-4.

Komal M, Khadabadi SS, Deokate UA, Deore SL. Ceasalpinia bonducella F an overview. Rep Opin 2010;2:83-7.

Amudha P, Pushpa BN, Vanitha V. Caesalpinia bonducella a review on pharmacological and phytochemical activity of seeds. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2016;7:674-80.

Razia S, Rubina S, Nighat S. Characterization of the composition of Caesalpinia bonducella seed grown in temperate regions of Pakistan. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2012;89:1021-7.

Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar RS, Sivakumar T, Vamsi ML. Antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Caesalpinia bonducella against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2004;94:177-84.

Ola B, Samreen F, Mohammed M, Mazahar F. Evaluation and photochemical and pharmacological properties of Cichorium intybus (L) Based on supercritical fluid extract. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2017;8:1857-66.

Sunita A, Sonam M. GC-MS profiling of Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. Var Bulbosa, an endangered plant from Thar Desert, Rajasthan. Pharm Innov J 2017;6:568-73.

Salah AI, Ali HA, Imad HH. Spectral analysis and anti-bacterial activity of methanolic fruit extract of Citrullus colosynthis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Afr J Biotechnol 2015;14:3131 58.

Zahra A, Alireza M, Jafar N, Mehdi H, Masoud Y, Mehdi A, et al. Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal contamination. Environ Monit Assess 2010;160:83-9.

Yadav P, Prajapati PK. Quality control parameters for medicinal plants, an overview. Asian J Biomed Pharm Sci 2011;1:12-6.

Jay P, Kshetrimayum BS, Sanjiv K, Raj KM. Trace elements content in the selected medicinal plants traditionally used for curing skin diseases by natives of Mizoram, India. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2014;7:S410-4.

Babalwa T, Opeoluwa OO, Ikechukwu PE, Adebola OO. Evaluation of trace metal profile in Cymbopogon validus and Hyparrhenia hirta used as traditional herbs from environmentally diverse region of Komga, South Africa. J Anal Methods Chem 2016;2016:1-8.

Koné WM, Koffi AG, Bomisso EL, Tra Bi FH. Ethnomedical study and iron content of some medicinal herbs used in traditional medicine in Cote D’ivoire for the treatment of anaemia. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2012;9:81-7.

Osredkar J, Sustar N. Copper and Zinc, biological role and significance of copper/zinc imbalance. J Clin Toxicol 2011;S3:2-18.

Manju M. Effects of heavy metals on human health. Int J Res Granthaalayah 2015; 3:1-7.

Giridhar BN, Raju TP, Srinivasu CC, Ramanamam V, Ram SS, Sudershan M, et al. Estimation of elemental concentrations of Indian medicinal plants using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Int J Sci Eng Res 2015;6:1379-87.

Jasha MH, Petevino C. Trace elements analysis in some medicinal plants using graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectroscopy. Environ Eng Res 2016;21:247-55.

World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines for Assessing Quality of Herbal Medicines with Reference to Contaminants and Residues. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007.

Adongo SO, Murungi J, Wanjau R. Determination of levels of selected essential elements in the medical plants used by Chuka community, Meru-Kenya using AAS. Int J Phys Soc Sci 2012;2:69-82.

Rathore JS, Upadhyay M. Investigation of Zinc concentration in some medicinal plant leaves. Res J Pharm Sci 2013;2:15-7.

Chen P, Bornhorst J, Aschner M. Manganese metabolism in humans. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2018;23:1655-79.

Vijayalakshmi S, Kripa KG. Heavy metal analysis of Blepharis Maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:251-3.

Huwait EA, Kumosani TA, Moselhy SS, Mosaoa RM, Yaghmoor SS. Relationship between soil cobalt and vitamin B12 level in the liver of livestock in Saudi Arabia: Role of competing elements in soils. Afr Health Sci 2015;15:993-8.

Szydłowski W, Łopatyński J. Biological role of chromium. Diabetol Pol 2003;10:365-70.

Paul RY, Deepa K, Madhusudana RA, Reddeppa M, Shoha RT. Evaluation of trace elements in some medicinal plants: Jatropha, Albizia, Azadirachta indica and Datura plants. Eur J Pharm Med Res 2017;4:455-65.

AYUSH. Permissible Level of Contaminants for AYUSH Standard Mark, Section ΙΙΙ Annex C Version Ι. India: Foodcert India (P) Ltd.; 2011.