PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE NORTHERN MOROCCAN SPECIES: WITHANIA FRUTESCENS L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i6.32119Keywords:
Phytochemical screening,, Inductive coupling plasma-atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis,, Nil, Reducing powerAbstract
Objective: In this study, we were interested in qualitative, quantitative phytochemical characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of the total extracts of a plant from northern Morocco, the species selected for this study is Withania frutescens.
Materials and Methods: Analysis of mineral elements by inductive coupling plasma-atomic absorption spectroscopy (ICP-AES), phytochemical screening, polyphenol and tannin assays, evaluation of antioxidant activity by the 1,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method and reducing power.
Results: The plant contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, mucilages, and coumarins. It has a relatively high content of total polyphenols and tannins of 19.53±0.018 μg genetic generalized epilepsy/mg MS and 6.258±0.062 μg Eqcat/mg MS, respectively. The analysis of mineral elements by ICP-AES shows that our species is rich in mineral elements which are calcium, magnesium, and sodium, and it is devoid of metallic elements such as nickel, lead, cadmium, and cobalt. The evaluation of antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical scavenging method shows that the half maximal inhibitory concentration of the tested extracts has an antiradical activity of about 0.056±0.008 μg/ml for the ethanol extract and 0.213±0.004 μg/ml for the methanol extract compared to the butylated hydroxytoluene value of 0.009±0.0004 μg/ml which was used as a reference. The reducing capacity test shows that methanolic extract has a high antioxidant capacity (0.213±0.006) compared to ethanolic extract (0.043±0.004) but remains low compared to ascorbic acid (0.003±0.0004) which was used as reference.
Conclusion: Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens shows that this plant is rich in high quantities of alkaloids, saponins, mucilage, tannins, and coumarins. It contains an average amount of total polyphenols and tannins that confer significant antioxidant activity to the plant studied.
Downloads
References
Benmiloud K. Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Anticandidosis Activities of Nepeta Amethystina Extracts. Thesis Submitted for the Master’s Degree in Chemistry. Université Abou BakrBelkaid Tlemcen; 2014.
Bellakhdar J. The Traditional Moroccan Pharmacopee, Ancient Arab Medicine and Popular Knowledge. Paris: IBIS Press; 1998.
Chiban M, Soudani A, Sinan F, Persin M. Wastewater treatment by batch adsorption method onto micro-particles of dried Withania frutescens plant as a new adsorbent. J Environ Manage 2011; 95:61-5.
Chiban M, Amezghal A, Benhima H, Sinan F, Tahrouch S, Seta P. Phytochimical study of some inert plants of south Western Morocco. Rev Biol Biotechnol 2007;6:40-3.
Lavoisier Technics and Documents. French Standards NF V 05-113 1972. In: AFNOR, Products Derived from Fruit and Vegetables. 2nd ed. Paris: Lavoisier Technics and Documents; 1986.
Judith MD. Etude Phytochimique et Pharmacologique de Cassia Nigricans Vhal (Caeslpiniaceae) Utilis´ee Dans le Traitement des Dermatoses au Tchad, Thèse de Pharmacie; 2005. p. 136-40.
Singleton VL, Arossi JA. Coloromitry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdec-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Amer J Enol Vitic 1965;16:144-53.
Ba K, Tine E, Destain J, Cisse N, Thonart P. Comparative study of phenolic compounds, the antioxidant power of different varieties of Senegalese sorghum and the amylolytic enzymes of their malt. Biotechnol Agro Soc Environ 2010;14:131-9.
Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Food Sci Technol 1995;1:25-30.
Oyaizu M. Studies on products of browning reactions: Antioxidant activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamin. J Nutrit 1986;44:307-15.
Larhsini M, Sebbane R, Kchakech H, Markouk M, Bekkouche K, Abbad A, et al. Screening of certain Moroccan plant extracts for molluscicidal activity. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2010;1:964-7.
Do QD, Angkawijaya AE, Tran-Nguyen PL, Huynh LH, Soetaredjo FE, Ismadji S, et al. Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. Food Drug Anal 2014;22:296-302.
Chiban M, Lehutu G, Sinan F, Carja G. Arsenate removal by withania frutescensplant from the South-Western Morocco. Environ Eng Manage J 2009;8:1377-83.
Bouchalta A, Boughdad A, Blenzar A. Biocidal effects of alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids extracted from Capsicum frutescens L.(Solanaceae) on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Biotechnol Agron Soc Environ 2005;9: 259-69.
Sharanappa R, Vidyasagar GM. Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Argemone mexicana Linn. A review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:46-53.
Garcia-Salas P, Morales-Soto A, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández- Gutiérrez A. Phenolic-compound-extraction systems for fruit and vegetable samples. Molecules 2010;15:8813-26.
Amor BB. Mastery of the Technological Aptitude of Plant Matter in Active Ingredient Extraction Operations; Controlled Instantaneous Relaxation Texturing DIC, PhD Thesis in Industrial Process Engineering, French; 2008.
Koffi E, Sea T, Dodehe Y, Soro S. Effect of solvent type on extraction of polyphenols from twenty three ivorianplants. J Anim Plant Sci 2010; 5:550-8.
Jokić C, Velić D, Bilić M, Bucić-Kojić A, Planinić M, Tomas S. Modelling of the process of solid-liquid extraction of total polyphenols from soybeans. J Food Sci 2010;28:206-12.
Chavan UD, Shahidi F, Naczk M. Extraction ofcondensed tannins from beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus L) as affected by different solvents. J Food Chem 2001;75:509-12.
Heim EK, Tagliaferro AR, Bobilya DJ. Flavonoïds antioxydants: Chemistry; Metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J Nutritional Biochem 2002;13:572-84.
Hebi M, Eddouks M. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana. Phytotherapy 2016;14:17-22.
De Pinedo AT, Penalver P, Morales JC. Synthesis and evaluation of new phenolic-based antioxidants: Structure-activity relationship. Food Chem 2007;103:55-61.
Rodriguez-Bernaldo AQ, Frecha P, Vidal A, Lopez HJ. Antioxydan compounds in edible brown seweeds. Eur Food Res Technol 2010;231:495-8.
Sharma RA, Yadav A, Bharadwaj R. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of phenolic compounds in Argemone mexicana. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5:683-6.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
