APOPTOTIC AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF STROBILANTHES VIRENDRAKUMARANA VENU AND P. DANIEL IN ALLIUM CEPA AND HUMAN RED BLOOD CELLS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i6.33312Keywords:
Apoptosis, Strobilanthes virendrakumarana, Blebbing,, Cytotoxicity,, CytostasisAbstract
Objective: The present study was aimed to explore the cytotoxicity of the aqueous shoot extract of Strobilanthes virendrakumarana Venu and P. Daniel in Allium cepa and human erythrocytes. It also focuses on the efficacy of the extract to induce apoptosis in the root primordia of A. cepa.
Methods: The aqueous extract of the shade-dried shoot was prepared. The cytotoxicity was evaluated both in A. cepa and human red blood cells (RBC) using standard protocols. The apoptotic and metabolic/mitochondrial activity evaluated with the help of Evans blue staining and 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining methods, respectively.
Results: Cytotoxic assay unveiled different types of aberrations which were dose-dependent. RBC assay revealed the capacity of phytocompounds in the extract to interact with the osmotic balance of RBC membrane and thereby modify it. Apoptosis induction was detected in A. cepa roots treated with various concentrations of the plant extract. The gradation in stain uptake indicates the apoptotic activity of the plant extract. The amount of generated formazon in TTC staining is an indirect evaluation of the metabolic/mitochondrial activity of the cell.
Conclusions: These results may be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds in the plant extract. The staining techniques reveal the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the potentiality of the extract. Thus, the present study opens a new avenue for further exploration of the plant for its bioactivities.
Downloads
References
Dash PR, Nasrin M, Saha MR. Evaluation of analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of methanolic rhizome extract of Hedychium coronarium. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2011;2:979-4.
Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J, et al. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007;39:44-84.
Upadhyay NK, Kumar MS, Gupta A. Antioxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:3443-8.
Kurdi SJ, Goh YM, Ebrahimi M, Mohtarrudin N, Hashim ZB. Sub-acute oral toxicity profiling of the methanolic leaf extract of Clinacanthus nutans in male and female icr mice. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2018;10:25-35.
Fisher DE. Apoptosis in cancer therapy: Crossing the threshold. Cell 1994;78:539-42.
Cohen GM. Caspases: The executioners of apoptosis. Biochem J 1997;326(Pt 1):1-6.
Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 1972;26:239-57.
Berg CP, Engels IH, Rothbart A, Lauber K, Renz A, Schlosser SF, et al. Human mature red blood cells express caspase-3 and caspase-8, but are devoid of mitochondrial regulators of apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2001;8:1197-206.
Khan I, Jan SA, Shinwari ZK, Ali M, Khan Y, Kumar T. Ethnobotany and medicinal uses of folklore medicinal plants belonging to family acanthaceae: An updated review. MOJ Biol Med 2017;1:9-13.
Augustine J. Strobilanthes in the Western Ghats, India. Kozhikode: Malabar Natural History Society; 2018. p. 136-7.
Bakar MF, Teh AH, Rahmat A, Hashim N, Othman F, Fakurazi S. Antiproliferative properties and antioxidant activity of various types of Strobilanthes crispus tea. Int J Cancer Res 2006;2:152-8.
Fadzelly AB, Asmah R, Fauziah O. Effects of Strobilanthes crispus tea aqueous extracts on glucose and lipid profile in normal and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2006;61:7-12.
Varicola KS, Siddiqua AA, Dintyala K, Ventrapati G. Fruit peel extracts with potential for dissolving simulated renal stones in in vitro conditions. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2018;10:74-7.
Sharma AK, Sharma A. Chromosome Techniques: Theory and Practice. New Delhi: Aditya Books; 1990.
Amer M, Abd Elnasser T, El Haggar S, Mostafa T, Abdel-Malak G, Zohdy W, et al. May-grünwald-giemsa stain for detection of spermatogenic cells in the ejaculate: A simple predictive parameter for successful testicular sperm retrieval. Hum Reprod 2001;16:1427-32.
Maiworm AI, Presta GA, Santos-Filho SD, Paoli SD, Giani TS, Fonseca AS, et al. Osmotic and morphological effects on red blood cell membrane: Action of an aqueous extract of Lantana camera. Braz J Pharmacogn 2008;18:42-6.
Achary VM, Jena S, Panda KK, Panda BB. Aluminium induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in root cells of Allium cepa L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2008;70:300-10.
Shaymurat T, Gu J, Xu C, Yang Z, Zhao Q, Liu Y, et al. Phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ZnO nanoparticles on garlic (Allium sativum L.): A morphological study. Nanotoxicology 2012;6:241-8.
Soheir E, Antoinette H, Atif H. Cytological effects of herbicide Garlon-4 on root mitosis of Allium cepa. Cytologia 1989;54:465-72.
Sudhakar R, Ninge-Gowda KN, Venu G. Mitotic abnormalities induced by silk dyeing industry effluents in the cells of Allium cepa. Cytologia 2001;66:235-9.
Liu DH, Jiang WS, Wang CL. Effect of Zn2+ on root growth, cell division and nucleoli of Allium cepa L. J Environ Sci 1996;8:21-7.
Aula P. Electron-microscopic observations on sendai virus-induced chromosome pulverization in HeLa cells. Hereditas 1970;65:163-9.
O’Neill FJ, Miles CP. Virus-induced chromosome pulverization in human diploid cells. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1970;134:825-30.
Singh NP. A simple method for accurate estimation of apoptotic cells. Exp Cell Res 2000;256:328-37.
Briggs DE, Sole SM, Latham P. Tetrazolium staining, mitochondria and barley quality. J Inst Brew 2009;115:41-8.
Simon HU, Haj-Yehia A, Levi-Schaffer F. Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction. Apoptosis 2000;5:415-8.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
