EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LAGERSTROEMIA SPECIOSA LEAVES IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i2.35823Keywords:
Lagerstroemia speciosa, Antidepressant, Acute restraint stress, Tail suspension test, Open filed test, Forced swimming test, Imipramine, Biochemical estimationAbstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (EELS) on acute restraint stress (ARS)-induced depression-like behavior and biochemical alterations in albino Wistar rats.
Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups. Group-I (normal control) rats received normal saline (2.0 ml/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days; Group-II (stress control) rats received normal saline (2.0 ml/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days and subjected to restraint stress on the 13th day. Group-III (standard drug-treated) rats received imipramine (15 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days and subjected to restraint stress on the 13th day. Groups-IV and V rats were treated with EELS (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days subjected to ARS on the 13th day. Stress-like behavior was assessed by subjecting the rats to behavioral paradigms such as tail-suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT), 40 min post-restraint stress procedure. Pretest of 10 min for forced swim test (FST) was also given to each rat simultaneously. Then, 23.5 h later, the relevant samples were administered and the main test performed 30 min later. Oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed in restraint stress-induced animals and control group, following FST on the 15th day.
Statistical Analysis: Expression of data was done as a mean standard error of the mean. The normally distributed data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s test. *p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: It was observed that L. speciosa L. showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in duration of immobility time in TST and FST when compared with the control group in a dose-dependent manner. The results of OFT also showed a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity. In addition to behavioral tests, EELS also normalized oxidative stress markers such as CAT, SOD, MDA, and LPO in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of L. speciosa L. leaves possesses significant antidepressant property, may be recommended as a supplement for the antidepressant activity.
Downloads
References
Santosh P, Venugopl R, Nilakasha S, Kunjbihari S, Mangala L. Antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of Passiflora foetida leaves in mice. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011;3:6-9.
Bharathi P, Seshayamma V, Jagannadharao GH, Sivakumar N. Evaluation of antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of Withania Somnifera [Aswagandha] roots in albino mice. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci 2015;10:27-9.
Knox GW, Norcini JG. Lagerstroemia cultivars under evaluation at the NFREC-monticello. Proc Fla State Hortic Soc 1991;104:346-7.
Turner S. Queen’s Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia speciosa) and Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica). Miami, FL: Richard Lyons Nursery, Inc.; 2016.
Kokate CK. Practical Pharmacognosy. 4th ed. New Delhi, India: Vallabh Prakashan; 2005.
Khandelwal KR. Practical Pharmacognosy. Pune, Maharashtra: Nirali Prakashan; 2000.
Azad AK, Rahman MK, Sunzida NK. Acute oral toxicity study on Malaysian traditional herb: Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (Banaba). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2015;4:228-32.
Mostofsky DI, Buynitsky T. Restraint stress in biobehavioral research: Recent developments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009;33:1089-98.
Takada T, Yoshinari N, Sugiishi S, Kawase H, Yamane T, Noguchi T. Effect of restraint stress on the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol 2004;75:306-15.
Lotankar AR, Wankhede S, Sharma JB, Momin AJ. Anti-stress activity of flavonoids rutin and quercetin isolated from the leaves of Ficus benghalensis. Int J Pharm Pharm Res 2016;5:5-19.
Seyed AM, Hossein H, Fatemeh G. Evaluation of antidepressant effects of aerial parts of Echium vulgare on mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2007;10:189-96.
Sulakhiya K, Patel VK, Saxena R, Dashore J, Srivastava AK, Rathore M. Effect of Beta vulgaris Linn. Leaves extract on anxiety and depressive-like behavior and oxidative stress in mice after acute restraint stress. Pharmacognosy Res 2016;8:1-7.
Devi1 T, Das S. Evaluation of the protective effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Punica granatum Linn. On forced swimming induced chronic fatigue syndrome in mice. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2017;9:207-12.
Thakarea VN, Dhakaneb VD, Patel BM. Potential antidepressant-like activity of silymarin in the acute restraint stress in mice: Modulation of corticosterone and oxidative stress response in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Pharmacol Rep 2016;68:1020-7.
Aebi H. In: Bergmeyer HU, editor. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. New York: Academic Press; 1974. p. 674.
Misra HP, Fridovich I.. Biochemistry 1967;15:681. 17. Ohkawa H, Ohisi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979;95:351-8.
Hasrat JA, De Bruyne T, De Backer JP, Vauquelin G, Vlietinck AJ. Isoquinoline derivatives isolated from the fruit of Annona muricata as 5-HTergic 5-HT1A receptor agonists in rats: Unexploited antidepressive (lead) products. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997;49:1145-9.
Hasrat JA, Pieters L, De Backer JP, Vauquelin G, Vlietinck AJ. Screening of medicinal plants from Suriname for 5-HT(1A) ligands: Bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids from the fruit of Annona muricata. Phytomedicine 1997;4:133-40.
Porsolt RD, Anton G, Blavet N, Jalfre M. Behavioural Despair in Rats: A new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Eur J Pharmacol 1978;47:379-91.
Freitas AE, Bettio L, Neis VB, Santos DB, Ribeiro CM, Rosa PB, et al. Agmatine abolishes restraint stress-induced depressive-like behavior and hippocampal antioxidant imbalance in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014;50:143-50.
Budni J, Zomkowski AD, Engel D, Santos DB, dos Santos AA, Moretti M, et al. Folic acid prevents depressive-like behavior and hippocampal antioxidant imbalance induced by restraint stress in mice. Exp Neurol 2013;240:112-21.
Kolla N, Wei Z, Richardson JS, Li XM. Amitriptyline and fluoxetine protect PC12 cells from cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2005;30:196-201.
Sulakhiya K, Patel VK, Saxena R, Dashore J, Srivastava AK, Rathore M. Effect of Beta vulgaris Linn. Leaves extract on anxiety and depressive-like behavior and oxidative stress in mice after acute restraint stress. Pharmacognosy Res 2016;8:1-7.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
