CYTOTOXICITY OF FIVE PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST DIFFERENT HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES AND THEIR MOLECULAR MECHANISM

SALWA EL-HALLOUTY; ASHWAQ BATAWI; MANAL SHAFI; ESAM RASHWAN; EZZELDIN ELHAWARY; NESMA ABDELAAL

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i10.38698

Authors

SALWA EL-HALLOUTY Department of Pharmacognosy, Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
ASHWAQ BATAWI Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
MANAL SHAFI Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
ESAM RASHWAN Confirmatory Diagnostic Unit, Vacsera, Egypt.
EZZELDIN ELHAWARY Department of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Arts, Egypt.
NESMA ABDELAAL Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i10.38698

Keywords:

Anticancer, MTT, Apoptosis, Human Cancer Cell lines, Plant extract

Abstract

Objective: Five methanol plant extracts namely, Euphorbia hierosolymitana, Dracaena marginata, Cordyline terminalis, and Sapium sebifera were screened in vitro for their cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines; namely, PC-3, HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 (prostate, liver, colon, and breast cancer) and human normal cell lines, namely, BJ-1.

Methods: E. hierosolymitana (extract A) selectively inhibited HCT-116 cell proliferation with IC50 of 4.22 μg/ml, both Dracaena marginata (extract B) (bark, leaves, and branches) showed moderate cytotoxicity on MCF-7 with IC50 of 22.4 and 48.2 μg/ml, respectively. The remaining two extracts showed minimal to insignificant percentage inhibition on all cell lines.

Results: E. hierosolymitana extract was selected for further studying, where the effect of the extract on the HCT116 cells showed a downregulation of her2 and Bcl-2 gene and overexpression of the Bax gene. Flow cytometry analysis was also performed to understand the effect of E. hierosolymitana on the apoptosis induction and the cell cycle. The results showed the induction of early and late apoptosis by 5.81 and 10.01%, respectively.

Conclusion: Our results infer that E. hierosolymitana has a promising chance in fighting colorectal cancer due to its high cytotoxic effects on HCT116 cancer cells while having minimal effects on the BJ-1 normal cell lines.

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