ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF ERYTHRIN AND BIOPROSPECTION STUDIES OF ROCCELLA MONTAGNEI EXTRACT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i6.44561Keywords:
Lichens, Roccella montagnei, Erythrin, Lichen extract, Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activityAbstract
Objectives: Lichen is a stable mutually beneficial organism. Composed of fungi, a Mycobiont is united with algae, a phycobiont or cyanobacteria. Since the ancient period, the extract derived from Lichens is utilized in the medication of numerous diseases. An attempt was made to isolate and structure elucidation of the erythrin, a biologically active compound from corticolous lichen Roccella montagnei, and analyze the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of lichen’s acetone extract under in vitro conditions.
Methods: An attempt was made to isolate and characterized the erythrin, a biologically active compound from corticolous lichen R. montagnei using ultraviolet, Fourier transform infrared, High-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques. The antimicrobial activities of lichen extract were evaluated against six pathogenic microorganisms using the standard disc diffusion technique. For in vitro antioxidant activity, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) scavenging method, hydrogen peroxide scavenging method, and phosphomolybdenum assay were done.
Results: The outcomes show that the lichen extract has the maximum effective antibacterial activity compared to antifungal activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The maximum zone of inhibition was recorded in Escherichia coli (8.75±0.61 mm). Among fungal pathogens, the extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans with a maximum inhibition zone of 7.50±0.52 mm. In vitro antioxidant activity, the DPPH scavenging method, IC50 value of lichen extract, and ascorbic acid were found to be 45.70 μg mL-1 and 39.74 μg mL-1, respectively. In the hydrogen peroxide scavenging method, it was observed that the IC50 value of lichen extract, ascorbic acid, and rutin were found to be 39.39 μg mL-1, 40.66 μg mL-1, and 45.58 μg mL-1, respectively. The maximum antioxidant content of 44.66 mg/g ascorbic acid equivalents was observed in the 100 μg mL-1 lichen extract in the phosphomolybdenum assay. Total phenolic content was higher in lichen extract with 214.84±14.84 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g lichen extract).
Conclusion: The present study did the isolation and structure elucidation of erythrin obtained from R. montagnei from Anaikatty and reveals that the lichen extract has the potential to control the human pathogenic microorganisms in the future and the study also suggested that the lichen extract possesses active antioxidant substances to scavenge free radicals.
Downloads
References
Yang Y, Anderson EJ. Antimicrobial activity of porcine myeloperoxidase against plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. J Appl Microbiol 1999;86:211-20. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00652.x
Müller K. Pharmaceutically relevant metabolites from lichens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001;56:9-16. doi: 10.1007/s002530100684, PMID 11499952
Hawksworth DL, Hale ME. The Biology of Lichens. 3rd ed., Vol. 30. London: Edward Arnold Ltd.; 1975. p. 424.
Awasthi DD. A compendium of the Macrolichens from India, Nepal and Sri Lank. 1st ed. Dehradun, Uttarakhand: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh; 2007. p. 580.
Awoyinka OA, Balogun IO, Ogunnowo AA. Phytochemical screening and in vitro bioactivity of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Euphorbiaceae). J Med Plants Res 2007;1:63-5.
Balaji P, Bharath P, Satyan RS, Hariharan GN. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Roccella montagnei thallus extracts. J Trop Med Plants 2006;7:169.
Shimada K, Fujikawa K, Yahara K, Nakamura T. Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion. J Agric Food Chem 1992;40:945-8. doi: 10.1021/jf00018a005
Ruiz-Herrera J. Fungal Cell Wall: Structure, Synthesis, and Assembly. 2nded., Vol. 29. United States: CRC Press; 1991.
Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: Specific application to the determination of Vitamin E. Anal Biochem 1999;269:337-41. doi: 10.1006/abio.1999.4019, PMID 10222007
Kim DO, Jeong SW, Lee CY. Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums. Food Chem 2003;81:321-6. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00423-5
Sundholm EG, Huneck S. 13C NMR spectra of lichen depsides, depsidones and depsones. 1. Compounds of the orcinol series. Chem Scr 1980;16:197-200.
Sundholm EG, Huneck S. 13C NMR spectra of lichen depsides, depsidones and depsones. 2. Compounds of the B-orcinol series. Chem Scr 1981;18:233-6.
Hariharan GN, Karthik S. Muthukumar S. Mycobiont and whole thallus cultures of Roccella Montagnei Bél. For the biosynthesis of secondary compounds. Cryptogam Biodivers Assess 2016;1:15-20.
Subba Rao V, Seshadri TR. Chemical investigation of Indian lichens. Part I. Chemical components of Roccella montagnei. Proc Indian Acad Sci 1940;5:466.
Huneck S, Yoshimura I. Identification of Lichen Substances. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer; 1996. p. 11-123.
Khader SZ, ZameerAhmeda TS, Nayaka S, Arunachalam T, Balasubramanian SK, Ponnusamy P. Radical scavenging potential, antiinflammatory and antiarthritic activity of isolated isomer methyl- γ-Orsellinate and roccellatol from Roccella montagnei Bel. Bull Fac Pharm 2018;56:39-45.
Ranković B, Ranković D, Kosanić M, Marić D. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Anaptychya ciliaris, Nephroma parile, Ochrolechia tartarea and Parmelia Centrifuga. Cent Eur J Biol 2010;5:649-55. doi: 10.2478/s11535-010-0043-z
Heijenoort van J. Formation of the glycan chains in the synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan. Glycobiology 2001;11:25-36. doi: 10.1093/ glycob/11.3.25r, PMID 11320055
Sastry AV, Vedula GS, Tatipamula VB. In-vitro biological profile of mangrove associated lichen, Roccella montagnei extracts. Inven Impact Ethnopharmacol 2018;3:153-8.
Pandey A, Dikshit A, Nayaka S. Antimicrobial activity of Roccella montagnei against pathogenic microorganisms. Int J Adv Res Ideas Innov Technol 2019;5:1426-31.
Sawa T, Nakao M, Akaike T, Ono K, Maeda H. Alkylperoxyl radical scavenging activity of various flavonoids and anti-tumor-promoter effect of vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 1999;47:397-402. doi: 10.1021/jf980765e, PMID 10563906
Kaushik R, Narayanan P, Vasudevan V, Muthukumaran G, Usha A. Nutrient composition of cultivated stevia leaves and the influence of polyphenols and plant pigments on sensory and antioxidant properties of leaf extracts. J Food Sci Technol 2010;47:27-33. doi: 10.1007/ s13197-010-0011-7, PMID 23572597
Shahidi F, Wanasundara PK. Phenolic antioxidants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1992;32:67-103. doi: 10.1080/10408399209527581, PMID 1290586
Mukherjee S, Pawar N, Kulkarni O, Nagarkar B, Thopte S, Bhujbal A, et al. Evaluation of free-radical quenching properties of standard Ayurvedic formulation Vayasthapana Rasayana. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011;11:38. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-38, PMID 21569386
Odabasoglu F, Aslan A, Cakir A, Suleyman H, Karagoz Y, Halici M, et al. Comparison of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of three lichen species. Phytother Res 2004;18:938-41. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1488, PMID 15597312
Tatipamula VB, Vedula GS, Sastry AV. Chemical and pharmacological evaluation of Manglicolous lichen Roccella montagnei Bel em. DD Awasthi. Futur J Pharm Sci 2019;5:1-9.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 JEYA PREETHI SELVAM, KALIDOSS RAJENDRAN, SHENBAGAM MUTHU, PONMURUGAN PONNUSAMY, ARUMUGAM
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
