SEMI-QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SARS-COV-2 IGG ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING CHADOX1-NCOV (COVISHIELD™) VACCINATION

RAVISH KUMAR M; PRAVEEN KUMAR DODDAMANI; NAGARKAR RAJHANS KISHANRAO; PARANDEKAR PRASHANT K; JISHA M; MARAPPA NARAYANA; PRATHIBA MAHADEVAIAH

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i10.45452

Authors

RAVISH KUMAR M Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
PRAVEEN KUMAR DODDAMANI Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
NAGARKAR RAJHANS KISHANRAO Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
PARANDEKAR PRASHANT K Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
JISHA M Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
MARAPPA NARAYANA Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
PRATHIBA MAHADEVAIAH Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i10.45452

Keywords:

SARS-CoV-2, India, Healthcare workers, IgG antibodies

Abstract

Objectives: The objectives of this study were semi-quantitatively analyze SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies following covishield vaccination in healthcare workers and to follow-up them for 6 months for persistence of antibodies and for getting infected with SARS-COV-2.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study which was conducted at tertiary care hospital, South India. The blood samples were collected after second dose of vaccine at 28 days, 60 days, and 120 days. The serum was subjected for detection of IgG antibodies against S1 RBD (Receptor binding domain) of the spike protein antigen by Euroimmun kit (PerkinElmer company, Germany) using ELISA.

Results: Out of 30 healthcare workers, 28 (93.3%) were seropositive and 2 (6.7%) were seronegative. Out of two seronegative, one participant acquired SARS-COV-2 infection with severe symptoms. There was approximately 50% reduction in antibody levels in almost all seropositive individuals after 3 months of second dose. Even after 6 months, 25 (83.3%) were seropositive, 2 (6.7%) were seronegative, and 3 (10%) were borderline. When the IgG antibody ratio levels of 28 days following second dose of vaccination were compared with levels after 6 months, which showed, p value of 0.024 which is <0.05 implies statistically significant.

Conclusion: Covishield vaccine induced good immune response in majority of the participants, the levels were sustainably positive until 6 months but decreasing pattern. The vaccine-induced antibodies prevented the severe symptoms among vaccine breakthrough infections.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Folegatti PM, Ewer KJ, Aley PK, Angus B, Becker S, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2020;396:467-78.

Kaur SP, Gupta V. COVID-19 Vaccine: A comprehensive status report Virus Res 2020;288:198114. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198114, PMID 32800805

Jalkanen P, Kolehmainen P, Häkkinen HK, Huttunen M, Tähtinen PA, Lundberg R, et al. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induced antibody responses against three SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Commun 2021;12:3991.

Sewell HF, Agius RM, Kendrick D, Stewart M. Covid-19 vaccines: Delivering protective immunity. BMJ 2020;371:m4838.

Danese E, Montagnana M, Salvagno GL, Peserico D, Pighi L, De Nitto S, et al. Comprehensive assessment of humoral response after Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccination: A three-case series. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021;59:1585-91. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0339, PMID 33838087

Binay UD, Karakecili F, Barkay O, Gul O, Mertoglu C. Level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies after two doses CoronaVac vaccine: Primarily report. J Antivir Antiretrovir. 2021;13:100005.

Anti-SARS-Cov2- ELISA (IgG) Euroimmun kit insert literature.

Rosner B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 5th ed. England: Duxbury Press; 2000. p. 80-240.

Zhu FC, Guan XH, Li YH, Huang JY, Jiang T, Hou LH, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus Type-5- vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2020;396:479-88.

Folegatti PM, Ewer KJ, Aley PK, Angus B, Becker S, Rammerstorfer SB, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2020;396:467-78.

Stéphane M, Isabelle M, Valentin L, Karen Z, Delphine S, Delphine P, et al. Rapid decline of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among infected healthcare workers. Nat Commun 2021;12:844.

Legros V, Denolly S, Vogrig M, Boson B, Siret E, Rigaill J, et al. A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021;18:318-27. doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-00588-2, PMID 33408342

Lumley SF, O’Donnell DO, Stoesser NE, Matthews PC, Howarth A, Hatch SB, et al. Antibody status and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers. N Engl J Med 2021;384:533-40. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034545, PMID 33369366

Fabio B, Matteo P, Marco P, Valentina M, Andrea G, Letizia O, et al. Is COVID-19 severity associated with anti-spike antibody duration? Data from the ARCOVID prospective observational study. J Infect 2021;82:e28-30.

Lippi G, Henry BM, Plebani M. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies testing in recipients of COVID-19 vaccination: Why, when, and how? Diagnostics (Basel) 2021;11:941. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11060941, PMID 34070341

Serena M, Simonetta V, Remarque Edmond J, Ruello A, Bombardieri E, Valentina B, et al. Characterization of antibody response in asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One 2021;16:1-18.