PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT PREPARED FROM LEAVES OF DIGITALIS PURPUREA

YOGESH CHANDRA NAINWAL

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2023.v16i3.46762

Authors

YOGESH CHANDRA NAINWAL Department of Chemistry, Dr. Shivanand Nautiyal Government Post Graduate College, Karnprayag, Uttarakhand, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-2068

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2023.v16i3.46762

Keywords:

Digitalis purpurea, Cardiac glycosides, Flavonoids, Saponins, DPPH

Abstract

Objective: The present study deals with the phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activity of leaf extract of Digitalis purpurea.

Methods: The phytochemicals from the leaf extract of D. purpurea were extracted qualitatively in methanol and confirmed by performing various chemical tests. The free radical scavenging activity of leaves extract was performed using DPPH method with solvents of different polarity, namely, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The IC50 (50 % inhibition of DPPH) value of free radical scavenging activity of leaf extract was calculated from the graph for each solvent.

Results: The leaves extract showed presence of various biologically important phytochemicals such as cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinone, carbohydrates, steroids, phenolic compounds, and aminoacids. The IC50 value of DPPH free radical scavenging activity in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extract of leaves was found 0.982±0.009 mg/mL, 0.538±0.006 mg/mL and 0.480±0.01 mg/mL respectively.

Conclusion: The present study reveals that D. purpurea is medicinally important plant and it can be well exploited for making a diverse range of pharmaceutical drugs. The present investigations also give an insight to scientists and researchers to come up with innovative ideas for effective eradication of different diseases.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Orhan IE. Biotechnological Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites. Netherlands: Bentham eBook; 2012. p. 107.

Nguemfo EL, Dimo T, Dongmo AB, Azebaze AG, Alaoui K, Asongalem AE, et al. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of some isolated constituents from the stem bark of Allanblackia monticola Staner L.C. (Guttiferae). Inflammopharmacology 2009;17:37-41. doi: 10.1007/s 10787-008-8039-2. PMID 19127347

Prassas I, Diamandis EP. Novel therapeutic applications of cardiac glycosides. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008;7:926-35. doi: 10.1038/ nrd2682, PMID 18948999

Frese S, Frese-Schaper M, Andres AC, Miescher D, Zumkehr B, Schmid RA. Cardiac glycosides initiate Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by up-regulation of death receptors 4 and 5. Cancer Res 2006;66:5867-74. doi: 10.1158/0008- 5472.CAN-05-3544, PMID 16740726

Raghavendra PB, Sreenivasan Y, Ramesh GT, Manna SK. Cardiac glycoside induces cell death via FASL by activating calcineurin and NF-AT, but apoptosis initially proceeds through activation of caspases. Apoptosis 2007;12:307-18. doi: 10.1007/s10495-006-0626-3, PMID 17203245

Stasko A, Brezová V, Biskupic S, Misík V. The potential pitfalls of using 1, 1-diphenyl1-2-picrylhydrazyl to characterize antioxidants in mixed water solvents. Free Radic Res 2007;41:379-90. doi: 10.1080/10715760600930014, PMID 17454120

Aderogba MA, Ogundaini AO, Eloff JN. Isolation of two flavonoids from Bauhinia monandra leaves and their antioxidative effects. Afr J Trad Complement Altern Med 2006;3:59-65.

Kell KP, Manadi AM, Adiyasora ZF, Kunaera RM, Akad IJ, Naun SS. Bioflavonoids and health effects in man. Chem Admin 1987;107: 366-7.

Yao LH, Jiang YM, Shi J, Tomás-Barberán FA, Datta N, Singanusong R, et al. Flavonoids in food and their health benefits. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2004;59:113-22. doi: 10.1007/s11130-004-0049-7, PMID 15678717

Havsteen BH. The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids. Pharmacol Ther 2002;96:67-202. doi: 10.1016/s0163- 7258(02)00298-x, PMID 12453566

Middleton E, Kandaswami C. Effects of flavonoids on immune and inflammatory cell functions. Biochem Pharmacol 1992;43:1167-79. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90489-6, PMID 1562270

Sanchez-Moreno C, Larrauri JA, Calixto Saura. F. New parameter for evaluation of free radical scavenging capacity of polyphenols. Int Electron Conf Synth Org Chem 1998;1:30.

Milardović S, Iveković D, Grabarić BS. A novel amperometric method for antioxidant activity determination using DPPH free radical. Bioelectrochemistry 2006;68:175-80. doi: 10.1016/j. bioelechem.2005.06.005, PMID 16139574

Ionita G, Sahini VE, Semenescu G, Ionita P. Kinetics oxidation of amino acids by some free stable hydrazyl radicals. Acta Chim Slovo 2000;47:111-9.

Sung-Kun Y, Su-Jung Y, Chul-Ho Y. A continuous spectrophotometric assay for NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Int J Biochem Mol Biol 2004;37:629-33.

Bandonienė D, Murkovic M, Pfannhauser W, Venskutonis P, Gruzdienė D. Detection and activity evaluation of radical scavenging compounds by using DPPH free radical and on-line HPLC-DPPH methods. Eur Food Res Technol 2002;214:143-7. doi: 10.1007/s00217-001-0430-9

Abuin E, Lissi E, Ortiz P, Henriquez C. Uric acid reaction with DPPH radicals at the micellar interface. Bol Soc Chil Quim 2002;47:145-9. doi: 10.4067/S0366-16442002000200010