ANTI-ATHEROGENIC ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA LINN.F. ON HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN RATS

CYRIL JANE SHAMMAH; ANNADURAI THENMOZHI

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2023.v16i8.46814

Authors

CYRIL JANE SHAMMAH Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SNS College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
ANNADURAI THENMOZHI Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Srivilliputtur, Tamil Nadu, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2023.v16i8.46814

Keywords:

Atherosclerosis, Antioxidants, Atorvastatin, Cholesterol, Caesalpinia bonducella, High fat diet, Hperlipidemic effect

Abstract

Objective: The aim is to investigate the anti-atherogenic effect of ethyl acetate (EACB) and ethanolic extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella (ETCB) kernels against high-fat diet (HFD) induced atherosclerosis (AS) in male Wistar rats.

Methods: Rats were divided into seven groups of six each. Group I served as normal control, group II received HFD (20.5% of wheat flour, 52.6% of roasted bengal gram, 5% of skimmed milk powder, 4% of refined oil, 4% of casein, 4% starch with salt mixture, 9% of coconut oil, 0.5% of choline mixture and vitamin and 0.4% of cholesterol), group III received HFD+Standard drug atorvastatin (1.2 mg/kg b.w.) and the remaining four groups IV, V, VI, and VII received HFD along with EACB (100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt) and HFD along with ETCB (100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt) respectively for 90 days. Anti-atherogenic activity was assessed by quantifying the concentration of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very LDL cholesterol, and phospholipids (PL). Tissue levels of TC, TG, and PL were also determined. Lipid peroxidation and enzymatic anti-oxidants were determined in the liver, heart, and aorta tissue. The histopathological analysis of the liver and aorta tissue supported the dose-dependent anti-atherogenic effects of EACB and ETCB.

Results: EACB and ETCB significantly (p≤0.05) protected the above-mentioned parameters to fall from the normal levels.

Conclusion: These observations suggest that the EACB and ETCB have a dose-dependent anti-atherogenic effect against HFD-induced AS.

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