PHYSICOCHEMICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, SPECTROSCOPIC (LCMS, AND H1-NMR) ANALYSIS OF EXTRACTS OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i2.48757Keywords:
Plumbago zeylanica, phytochemical, physicochemical, LCMS, H1-NMRAbstract
Objective: This study aimed to find the physicochemical, phytochemical analysis, and spectroscopic analysis of solvent extracts of the roots of Plumbago zeylanica.
Methods: The Soxhlet apparatus was employed to extract individual solvent extracts from the roots of P. zeylanica. In this study, solvent extracts made from the roots of P. zeylanica are tested for their physicochemical properties, phytochemical make-up, and spectroscopic properties. Spectroscopic investigations were conducted with the Bruker 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system, manufactured in Switzerland, as well as liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), a mass spectrometer.
Results: The physicochemical study of P. zeylanica roots revealed a moisture content of 10.51%, a total ash content of 2.06%, and an alcohol-soluble extract of 1.72%. In addition, many physical parameters such as color, taste, aroma, and nature were examined. The phytochemical analysis of P. zeylanica revealed the detection of significant phytonutrients, including tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and sterols, in the root sample. The presence of tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and sterols in extracts of P. zeylanica was established through spectroscopic analysis using H1-NMR and LCMS.
Conclusion: The examination of solvent extracts obtained from the roots of P. zeylanica involved physicochemical, phytochemical, and spectroscopic techniques. This research revealed the presence of many biologically active metabolites, including alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids. The identification of these metabolites presents a promising prospect for substituting conventional chemical methods in the management of clinically pathogenic and phytopathogenic microorganisms.
Downloads
References
Manyakara B. Antioxidant Properties of Plumbago auriculata Lam. Master’s Thesis. North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus; 2009.
Farombi EO. African indigenous plants with chemotherapeutic potentials and biotechnological approach to the production of bioactive prophylactic agents. Afr J Biotech 2003;2:662-71. DOI: 10.5897/ AJB2003.000-1122
Packer L, Rimbach G, Virgili F. Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol. Free Radical Biol Med 1999;27:704-24. DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00090-8
Salah N, Miller NJ, Paganga G, Tijburg L, Bolwell GP, Riceevans C. Polyphenolic flavanols as scavengers of aqueous phase radicals and as chain-breaking antioxidants. Arch Biochem Biophys 1995;322:339-46. DOI: 10.1006/ABBI.1995.1473
Tyagi SN, Rakshit, Singh A, Raghvendra, Saxena A, Patel BD. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous extract of Flacourtia indica Merr. Am Eurasian J Sci Res 2010;5:201-6.
Bravo L. Polyphenols: Chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism and nutritional significance. Nutr Rev 1998;56:317-33. DOI: 10.1111/ j.1753-4887.1998.tb01670.x
Ahmad I, Mehmood Z, Mohammad F, Ahmad S. Antimicrobial potency and synergistic activity of five traditionally used Indian medicinal plants. J Med Aromatic Plant Sci 2000;22:173-6.
Mehmood Z, Ahmad I, Mohammad F, Ahmad S. Indian medicinal plants: A potential source of anti-candidal drugs. Pharm Biol 1999;37:237-42. DOI:10.1076/phbi.37.3.237.6296
Oyedepo OO. Studies on bioactivity of the root extract of Plumbago zeylanica. Int J Pharmacogn 1996;34:365-9. DOI: 10.1076/ phbi.34.5.365.13249.
Kadiyala KG, Tyagi T, Kakkar D, Datta A. Picolinic acid based acyclic bifunctional chelating agent and its methionine conjugate as potential SPECT imaging agents: Syntheses and preclinical evaluation. RSC Adv 2015;5:33963-73. DOI: 10.1039/C4RA13690J
Raaman N. Phytochemical Technique. New Delhi: New Indian Publishing Agencies; 2006. p. 19.
Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods. New Delhi: Springer Pvt Ltd.; 2005. p. 17.
Bhandary SK, Suchetha KN, Bhat VS, Sharmila KP, Bekal MP. Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of Punica granatum peel, whole fruit and seeds. Nitte Univ J Health Allied Sci 2012;2:32-8. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1703609
Srinivasa Rao P, Jagadeesh K, Ganesh K, Suresh Varma DB, Nagendra Sastry Y, Gururaja R, et al. Synthesis and characterization of new secretory phospholipase A2-inhibitor N-P-substituted-1- ((5-P-substituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-Yl) methyl)- 1h-1, 2, 3-triazole-4-carboxamides and their anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Biomed J Sci Tech Res 2022;46:37273-82.
Samuel CI, Arthur N. Phytochemical identification in the chloroform fraction of aqueous-methanol extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves. Br J Pharm Res 2015;5:437-41. DOI: 10.9734/BJPR/2015/13264
World Health Organization. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials. Geneva: WHO Publications; 1998. p. 10-31.
India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Indian Pharmacopoeia. 4th ed., vol. 2. New Delhi: The Controller of Publications; 1996.
Horwitz W, Latimer GW, editors. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th ed., Ch. 10. Maryland: AOAC International; 2005. p. 18-23.
Sharmila S, Kalaichelvi K, Jayanthi G. Physico and Phyto-chemical analysis of Plumbago zeylanica L. -A Potant Indian Herb. Kong Res J 2014;1:105-8. DOI: 10.26524/Krj48
Rajakrishnan R, Lekshmi R, Benil PB, Thomas J, AlFarhan AH, Rakesh V, et al. Phytochemical evaluation of roots of Plumbago zeylanica L. and assessment of its potential as a nephron protective agent. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017;24:760-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.001
Tyagi R, Menghani E. Phytochemical screening of Plumbago zeylanica: A potent Herb. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2014;5:71-2.
Rama Devi LV, Kadiyala KG, Amrutha VA. In-vitro studies of extracts of Plumbago zeylanica in cervix carcinoma cells. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2021;12:6668-74. DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.12(12).6668-74
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Dr. K K Ganesh, L. V. Rama Devi , Amrutha V. Audipudi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
