A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF PSYCHOSIS AND PERSONALITY PROFILE IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDER

PRIYA MADAVI; ABHISHEK SOMANI; PRAVIN VERMA; ANAND SAOJI

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i1.49964

Authors

PRIYA MADAVI Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
ABHISHEK SOMANI Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
PRAVIN VERMA Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
ANAND SAOJI Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024.v17i1.49964

Keywords:

dth

Abstract

Objectives: The objectives of the study are (1) to study personality profile in patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and (2) to study incidence of psychosis in patients with AUD.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of psychiatry of a tertiary care medical college. 70 patients presenting with a history of alcohol intake underwent diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for AUD were enrolled in the study on the basis of pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Post a 2-week detoxification period, psychiatric symptoms encompassing depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and unusual behavior were assessed using the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), while personality profiles were evaluated with the NEO Personality Inventory-3. Alcohol dependence levels were measured using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire.

Results: There were 60 (85.71%) males and 10 (14.29%) females. There was a significant male preponderance in studied cases with M:F ratio of 1:0.16. Highest number of patients, i.e., 63 (90%) patients were married, followed by 4 (5.71%) patients were unmarried and 3 (4.29%) patients were divorced. Among 70 studied cases, 5 (7.14%) patients were found to have some or the other degree of psychotic symptoms. There was a significant correlation between being unskilled worker and having low literacy or low income and AUD (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant association between severity of AUD and education (p=0.70), occupation (p=0.94), income (p=0.84), and family history of alcohol consumption (p=0.58). Participants have mild severity shown low to average score on neuroticism, average scores on extraversion, very low to low scores on openness, high to very high scores on agreeableness, and high to very high scores on conscientiousness.

Conclusion: We found a significant correlation of AUD with increasing age, male gender, early alcohol initiation, and prolonged dependence. Lower education and unskilled occupations were also linked to AUD. Personality trait analysis revealed distinct patterns based on the severity of physical dependency.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Room R, Babor T, Rehm J. Alcohol and public health. Lancet 2005;365:519-30. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17870-2

Degenhardt L, Hall W. Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. Lancet 2012;379:55-70. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61138-0

Hasin DS, O’Brien CP, Auriacombe M, Borges G, Bucholz K, Budney A,et al. DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: Recommendations and rationale. Am J Psychiatry 2013;170:834-51. DOI: 10.1176/appi. ajp.2013.12060782

Drake RE, Mueser KT. Psychosocial approaches to dual diagnosis. Schizophr Bull 2000;26:105-18. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul. a033430

Khantzian EJ. The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: Focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. Am J Psychiatry 1985;142:1259-64. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.142.11.1259

Torgersen S, Kringlen E, Cramer V. The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:590-6. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.58.6.590

Green AI, Drake RE, Brunette MF, Noordsy DL. Schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:402-8. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.2007.164.3.402

Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Saha TD, Chou SP, Jung J, Zhang H, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions III. JAMA Psychiatry 2015;72:757-66. DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584

White AM, Orosz A, Powell PA, Koob GF. Alcohol and aging - an area of increasing concern. Alcohol 2023;107:19-27. DOI:10.1016/j. alcohol.2022.07.005

Wilsnack RW, Wilsnack SC, Kristjanson AF, Vogeltanz-Holm ND, Gmel G. Gender and alcohol consumption: Patterns from the multinational GENACIS project. Addiction 2009;104:1487-500. DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02696.x

Weijers HG, Wiesbeck GA, Wodarz N, Keller H, Michel T, Böning J. Gender and personality in alcoholism. Arch Womens Ment Health 2003;6:245-52. DOI:10.1007/s00737-003-0013-9

Haber JR, Koenig LB, Jacob T. Alcoholism, personality, and religion/ spirituality: An integrative review. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2011;4:250- 60. DOI:10.2174/1874473711104040250

Baena BC, Meneses C, Caperos JM, Prieto M, Uroz J. The role of religion and religiosity in alcohol consumption in adolescents in Spain. J Relig Health 2019;58:1477-87. DOI:10.1007/s10943-018-0694-z

Power C, Rodgers B, Hope S. Heavy alcohol consumption and marital status: Disentangling the relationship in a national study of young adults. Addiction 1999;94:1477-87. doi:10.1046/j.1360- 0443.1999.941014774.x

Allen LN, Townsend N, Williams J, Mikkelsen B, Roberts N, Wickramasinghe K. Socioeconomic status and alcohol use in low- and lower-middle income countries: A systematic review. Alcohol 2018;70:23-31. DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.12.002

Crum RM, Helzer JE, Anthony JC. Level of education and alcohol abuse and dependence in adulthood: A further inquiry. Am J Public Health 1993;83:830-7. DOI:10.2105/ajph.83.6.830

Chatterjee K, Dwivedi AK, Singh R. Age at first drink and severity of alcohol dependence. Med J Armed Forces India 2021;77:70-4. DOI:10.1016/j.mjafi.2019.05.003

Donovan JE, Molina BS. Childhood risk factors for early-onset drinking. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2011;72:741-51. DOI:10.15288/ jsad.2011.72.741

Hakulinen C, Elovainio M, Batty GD, Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Jokela M. Personality and alcohol consumption: Pooled analysis of 72,949 adults from eight cohort studies. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015;151:110-4. DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.008

Jordaan GP, Emsley R. Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder: A review. Metab Brain Dis 2014;29:231-43. DOI:10.1007/s11011-013-9457-4