ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF LIPID EXTRACT OF SEA PEN (VIRGULARIA GUSTAVIANA) IN MICE
Abstract
Â
Objective: Sea pens are a highly specialized group of anthozoa coelenterates. Sea pens were collected by wading at low tide in intertidal zone from
Bandar Abbas Costal.
Method: Sea pens were identified by classification keys, and samples were sending to the academic center of California for admission. Comparing
identification keys genus from virgularidaes family was identified, it consisted of Virgularia gustaviana. To find an effective fraction, the inflammatory
effect of lipid extract hexane of sea pen V. gustaviana was evaluated. In this study, lipid percentages of V. gustaviana were measured, and the percentage
of sterol profile was assessed. To assess inflammation, mouse ear edema method was used. Male NMRI mice were categorized into three groups
including positive control (dexamethasone 15 mg/kg), negative control (saline) and experimental one with dose of 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg of lipid
extracted of chloroform and hexane as a separate group.
Results: Total lipid V. gustaviana was 21.96% and sterol profile which was 5680.31 mg/kg contains cholesterol 1910.38 mg/kg that equal 57.95%
of total sterol and brassicasterol, campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol were measured. Fatty acid profile was measured by gas
chromatography-mass and heptadecane 44.25%, beta.-Bisabolene ss Cyclohexene'1, 18.16%, and methyl arachidonate 54.17% was assessed.
Statistical analysis was performed that anti-inflammatory effect of all doses of 40-10 mg/kg is significant to the control.
Conclusion: Chloroform and hexane extracts of sea pen has a strong anti-inflammatory effects even at low doses which is probably due to 54%
arachidonic acid in the compounds.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activities, Lipid extract, Sea pen (Virgularia gustaviana).
Downloads
References
Moritz MI, Marostica LL, Bianco EM, Almeida MT, Carraro JL, Cabrera GM, et al. Polyoxygenated steroids from the octocoral Leptogorgia punicea and in vitro evaluation of their cytotoxic activity. Mar Drugs 2014;12(12):5864-80.
Baillon S, Hamel JF, Mercier A. Diversity, distribution and nature of faunal associations with deep-sea pennatulacean corals in the Northwest Atlantic. PLoS One 2014;9(11):e111519.
Buckeridge JS, Campbell HJ, Maurizot P. Unravelling the nature of waiparaconus, a pennatulacean (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from the late mesozoic-early cainozoic of the southern hemisphere. Integr Zool 2014;9(2):111-20.
Dolan E, Tyler PA, Yesson C, Rogers AD. Phylogeny and systematics of deep-sea sea pens (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013;69(3):610-8.
Yang SC, Sung PJ, Lin CF, Kuo J, Chen CY, Hwang TL. Anti-inflammatory effects of secondary metabolites of marine Pseudomonas sp. in human neutrophils are through inhibiting P38 MAPK, JNK, and calcium pathways. PLoS One 2014;9(12):e114761.
Onumah N. A novel anti-inflammatory in treatment of acne vulgaris: The pseudopterosins. J Drugs Dermatol 2013;12(10):1177-9.
Li G, Fu Y, Zheng J, Li D. Anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of a lipid extract from hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) on chronic arthritis in rats. Mar Drugs 2014;12(2):568-88.
Koizumi K, Hiratsuka S, Saito H. Lipid and fatty acids of three edible myctophids, Diaphus watasei, Diaphus suborbitalis, and Benthosema pterotum: High levels of icosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. J Oleo Sci 2014;63(5):461-70.
Ostermann AI, Müller M, Willenberg I, Schebb NH. Determining the fatty acid composition in plasma and tissues as fatty acid methyl esters using gas chromatography – A comparison of different derivatization and extraction procedures. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014;91(6):235-41.
Hussain J, Ruan Z, Nascimento IA, Liu Y, Liao W. Lipid profiling and corresponding biodiesel quality of Mortierella isabellina using different drying and extraction methods. Bioresour Technol 2014;169:768-72.
Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 1959;37(8):911-7.
Azadmard-Damirchi S, Dutta PC. A single step solid-phase extraction method for complete separation of sterol oxidation products in food lipids. J Chromatogr A 2009;1216(1):36-42.
Szymanski WG, Kierszniowska S, Schulze WX. Metabolic labeling and membrane fractionation for comparative proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cell cultures. J Vis Exp 2013;e50535.
de Souza ET, de Lira DP, de Queiroz AC, da Silva DJ, de Aquino AB, Mella EA, et al. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of caulerpin, a bisindole alkaloid isolated from seaweeds of the genus Caulerpa. Mar Drugs 2009;7(4):689-704.
Cui Y, Ao M, Li W, Hu J, Yu L. Anti-inflammatory activity of licochalcone A isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata. Z Naturforsch C 2008;63(5-6):361-5.
Kohl AC, Ata A, Kerr RG. Pseudopterosin biosynthesis-pathway elucidation, enzymology, and a proposed production method for anti-inflammatory metabolites from Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2003;30(8):495-9.
Al-Hindawi MK, Al-Deen IH, Nabi MH, Ismail MA. Anti-inflammatory activity of some Iraqi plants using intact rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1989;26(2):163-8.
Chen YF, Tsai HY, Wu TS. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities from roots of Angelica pubescens. Planta Med 1995;61(1):2-8.
Mayer AM, Hamann MT. Marine pharmacology in 2001--2002: Marine compounds with anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiplatelet, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2005;140(3‑4):265-86.
Ujihara T, Nagano M, Wada H, Mitsuhashi S. Identification of a novel type of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase involved in arachidonic acid biosynthesis. FEBS Lett 2014;588(21):4032-6.
Pang KL, Lin HJ, Lin HY, Huang YF, Chen YM. Production of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids by the marine oomycete halophytophthora. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2014.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.