ROLE OF COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHIC PARAMETER AS A PREDICTOR OF SPERMATOGENESIS AND INFERTILITY

PRANAB PATNAIK; SAMEER TRIVEDI; DEEPAK SHAW

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51109

Authors

PRANAB PATNAIK Department of Urology, IMS and Sum Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2545-9507
SAMEER TRIVEDI Department of Urology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8308-9220
DEEPAK SHAW Department of Burdwan Medical College, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i7.51109

Keywords:

color Doppler , , spermatogenesis , infertility

Abstract

Objective: Androgens target the testicular arteries, which may be aberrant in men who are infertile. One of the fastest and most accurate ways to measure testicular blood flow is by color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), which combines anatomical and velocity data. The goal of this research is to determine whether testicular artery end-diastolic velocity (EDV), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and resistive index (RI) can be used to differentiate between various types of dyspermia.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study. In total, 90 patients were enrolled in the study which includes 27 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), 19 patients with oligospermia (OL), 24 with obstructive azoospermia (OA), and 20 in the control group having normal sperm count and recent paternity. We compared variables such as EDV, PSV, RI, bilateral testicular volume, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone among different dyspermic groups with the control group.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 31.5 years. PSV and RI in the NOA and OL groups were significantly lower compared to the control groups while the OA group was comparable with the control group. With respect to EDV, we observed a significantly lower value only in the NOA group compared to the control group. Significantly lower mean testicular volume and higher follicle-stimulating hormone levels were observed in the NOA group.

Conclusion: Investigating male infertility can be challenging, but CDUS might be very helpful. When used routinely in clinical settings, the RI and PSV can be trustworthy markers for identifying infertility or dyspermic males, especially distinguishing between obstructive and unobstructive azoospermia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Atilla MK, Sargin H, Yilmaz Y, Odabas O, Keskin A, Aydin S. Undescended testes in adults: Clinical significance of resistive index values of the testicular artery measured by Doppler ultrasound as a predictor of testicular histology. J Urol. 1997;158(3 Pt 1):841-3. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64332-5, PMID: 9258095

Biagiotti G, Cavallini G, Modenini F, Vitali G, Gianaroli L. Spermatogenesis and spectral echo-colour Doppler traces from the main testicular artery. BJU Int. 2002;90(9):903-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1464- 410x.2002.03033.x, PMID: 12460354

Cooper TG, Noonan E, von Eckardstein S, Auger J, Baker HW, Behre HM, et al. World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Hum Reprod Update. 2010;16(3):321-45.

Sakamoto H, Ogawa Y, Yoshida H. Relationship between testicular volume and testicular function: Comparison of the prader orchidometric and ultrasonographic measurements in patients with infertility. Asian J Androl. 2008 Mar;10(2):319-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1745- 7262.2008.00340.x, PMID: 18097521

Paltiel HJ, Diamond DA, Di Canzio J, Zurakowski D, Borer JG, Atala A. Testicular volume: Comparison of orchidometer and US measurements in dogs. Radiology. 2002;222(1):114-9. doi: 10.1148/ radiol.2221001385, PMID: 11756714

Kay GW, Grobbelaar JA, Hattingh J. Effect of surgical restriction of growth of the testicular artery on testis size and histology in bulls. J Reprod Fertil. 1992;96(2):549-53. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0960549, PMID: 1339835

Pinggera GM, Mitterberger M, Bartsch G, Strasser H, Gradl J, Aigner F, et al. Assessment of the intratesticular resistive index by colour Doppler ultrasonography measurements as a predictor of spermatogenesis. BJU Int. 2008 Mar;101(6):722-6.

Turner TT. The study of varicocele through the use of animal models. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7(1):78-84. doi: 10.1093/humupd/7.1.78

Agarwal A, Prabakaran S, Allamaneni SS. Relationship between oxidative stress, varicocele and infertility: A meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2006;12(5):630-3. doi: 10.1016/s1472- 6483(10)61190-x, PMID: 16790111

Tanriverdi O, Miroglu C, Horasanli K, Altay B, Caliskan KC, Gumus E. Testicular blood flow measurements and mean resistive index values after microsurgical and high ligation varicocelectomy. Urology. 2006;67(6):1262-5. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.12.033, PMID: 16765187

Battaglia C, Giulini S, Regnani G, Di Girolamo R, Paganelli S, Facchinetti F, et al. Seminal plasma nitrite/nitrate and intratesticular Doppler flow in fertile and infertile subjects. Hum Reprod. 2000;15(12):2554-8. doi: 10.1093/humrep/15.12.2554, PMID: 11098025