COMPARISON OF EPICARDIUM ADIPOSE TISSUE THICKNESS IN TREADMILL TEST POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PATIENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51993Keywords:
Epicardium, Adipose tissue, Treadmill test, Epicardial adipose tissue, Treadmill.Abstract
Objective: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To find out the relationship between the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness and the treadmill (TMT) test results. (2) To find out the correlation between the EAT thickness and waist circumference and serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
Methods: This study was conducted on 77 patients with complaints of chest pain and came for evaluation to our institution during the study period. All the patients were explained about the study, transthoracic echocardiography, and about EAT as newer cardiovascular risk factors. After obtaining their verbal consent to participate in the study, a voluntary written informed consent was obtained from the patient and/or his/her legally acceptable representative.
Results: Majority of the patients were in the age group 41–50 years. Males (54.5%) were more in our study compared to the females. Out of the 77 patients with chest pain, who underwent TMT test, the test was positive in 50.6% patients, negative in 42.9% patients, and inconclusive in 6.5% patients. The comparison of fat pad thickness during the systole was found significantly higher in TMT-positive patients and lowest in the inconclusive patients (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the TMT results and the EAT thickness in our study. The thickness of EAT was highest in TMT-positive patients and lowest in the TMT inconclusive test result patients.
Downloads
References
Hirata Y, Kurobe H, Akaike M, Chikugo F, Hori T, Bando Y, et al. Enhanced inflammation in epicardial fat in patients with coronary artery disease. Int Heart J. 2011;52(3):139-42. doi: 10.1536/ihj.52.139, PMID 21646734
Gaborit B, Venteclef N, Ancel P, Pelloux V, Gariboldi V, Leprince P, et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue has a specific transcriptomic signature depending on its anatomical peri-atrial, peri-ventricular, or peri-coronary location. Cardiovasc Res. 2015 Oct 1;108(1):62-73. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvv208. PMID 26239655
Shah PK. Role of inflammation and metalloproteinases in plaque disruption and thrombosis. Vasc Med. 1998;3(3):199-206. doi: 10.1177/1358836X9800300304, PMID 9892512
Wang B, Jenkins JR, Trayhurn P. Expression and secretion of inflammation-related adipokines by human adipocytes differentiated in culture: Integrated response to TNF-alpha. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;288(4):E731-40. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00475.2004. PMID: 15562246
Sacks HS, Fain JN. Human epicardial adipose tissue: A review. Am Heart J. 2007;153(6):907-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2007.03.019, PMID: 17540190
Marchington JM, Mattacks CA, Pond CM. Adipose tissue in the mammalian heart and pericardium: Structure, foetal development and biochemical properties. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1989;94(2):225-32. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(89)90337-4, PMID: 2591189
Taguchi R, Takasu J, Itani Y, Yamamoto R, Yokoyama K, Watanabe S, et al. Pericardial fat accumulation in men as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2001;157(1):203-9. doi: 10.1016/ s0021-9150(00)00709-7, PMID 11427222
Gorter PM, de Vos AM, van der Graaf Y. Relation of epicardial and pericoronary fat to coronary atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcium in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Am J Cardiol. 2008;102(4):380-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.04.002, PMID: 18678291
Rosito GA, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U. Pericardial fat, vis ceral abdominal fat, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular calcification in a community-based sample: The Framing ham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008;117:605-13.
Comert N, Yucel O, Ege MR, Yaylak B, Erdogan G, Yilmaz MB. Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue predicts subclinical atherosclerosis: Epicardial adipose tissue and Atherosclerosis. Angiology. 2012;63(8):586-90. doi: 10.1177/0003319711432452, PMID: 22238350
Dinan TG, Quigley EM, Ahmed SM, Scully P, O’Brien S, O’Mahony L, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gut axis dysregulation in irritable bowel syndrome: Plasma cytokines as a potential biomarker? Gastroenterology. 2006;130(2):304-11. doi: 10.1053/j. gastro.2005.11.033, PMID: 16472586
Chadwick VS, Chen W, Shu D, Paulus B, Bethwaite P, Tie A, et al. Activation of the mucosal immune system in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2002;122(7):1778-83. doi: 10.1053/gast.2002.33579, PMID: 12055584
Cremon C, Gargano L, Morselli-Labate AM, Santini D, Cogliandro RF, De Giorgio R, et al. Mucosal immune activation in irritable bowel syndrome: Gender-dependence and association with digestive symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(2):392-400. doi: 10.1038/ ajg.2008.94, PMID 19174797
Barbara G. Mucosal barrier defects in irritable bowel syndrome. Who left the door open? Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(6):1295-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00667.x, PMID 16771952
Ahn SG, Lim HS, Joe DY, Kang SJ, Choi BJ, Choi SY, et al. Relationship of epicardial adipose tissue by echocardiography to coronary artery disease. Heart. 2008 Mar;94(3):e7. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2007.118471, PMID 17923467
Eroglu S, Sade LE, Yildirir A, Bal U, Ozbicer S, Ozgul AS, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness by echocardiography is a marker for the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Mar;19(3):211-7. doi: 10.1016/j. numecd.2008.05.002. PMID 18718744
George S. Angiographic profile and treadmill test relationship of women with chest pain suggestive of coronary artery disease. World J Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Aug 4;7(8):225-32. doi: 10.4236/ wjcd.2017.78021
Morales-Portano JD, Peraza-Zaldivar JÁ, Suárez-Cuenca JA, Aceves- Millán R, Amezcua-Gómez L, Ixcamparij-Rosales CH, et al. Echocardiographic measurements of epicardial adipose tissue and comparative ability to predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 Sep;34(9):1429-37. doi: 10.1007/s10554-018-1360-y
Uslu A, Kup A, Dogan C, Sari M, Cersit S, Aksu U, et al. Relationship between epicardial adipose tissue thickness and coronary thrombus burden in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2020 Jun;164(2):141-6. doi: 10.5507/bp.2019.038
Sinha SK, Thakur R, Jha MJ, Goel A, Kumar V, Kumar A, et al. Epicardialadipose tissue thickness and its association with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in clinical setting: A cross- sectional observational study. J Clin Med Res. 2016 May;8(5):410-9. doi: 10.14740/jocmr2468w. PMID 27081428, PMC4817582
Shambu SK, Desai N, Sundaresh N, Babu MS, Madhu B, Gona OJ. Study of correlation between epicardial fat thickness and severity of coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J. 2020 Sep-Oct;72(5):445-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.07.014. PMID 33189210, PMCID PMC7670255
Nabati M, Saffar N, Yazdani J, Parsaee MS. Relationship between epicardial fat measured by echocardiography and coronary atherosclerosis: A single-blind historical cohort study. Echocardiography. 2013 May;30(5):505-11. doi: 10.1111/echo.12083, PMID 23305488
Ghaderi F, Eshraghi A, Shamloo AS, Mousavi S. Association of epicardial and pericardial fat thickness with coronary artery disease. Electron Phys. 2016 Sep 20;8(9):2982-9. doi: 10.19082/2982, PMID 27790354, PMCID PMC5074760
Jeong JW, Jeong MH, Yun KH, Oh SK, Park EM, Kim YK, et al. Echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and coronary artery disease. Circ J. 2007 Apr;71(4):536-9. doi: 10.1253/circj.71.536, PMID: 17384455
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Suryadeep Gupta1
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
