COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TEN MADHURSKANDHA DRUGS DELINEATED IN CHARAKASAMHITA W.S.R TO ADAPTOGENIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES
Abstract
Objective: Acarya Caraka had classified Asthapana bastidravya (corrective enema) based on Rasa (Taste), called as Rasaskandha (a group of drugs having similar taste). He ascertained some criteria to include drugs in the group such as drug having either similar Rasa (taste) or Vipaka (biotransformation) or Prabhava (principle responsible for a specific action). The Rasayana Karma of Madhuraskandha dravyas which possess either Madhurarasa or Madhuravipaka and Madhuraprabhava requires scientific validation to determine the skandha classification. Keeping this in view, the study was planned to evaluate Rasayana karma of Madhuraskandha drugs for their adaptogenic and in vivo antioxidant activities.
Methods: Ten selected drugs from Madhuraskandha were conveniently formulated into three Groups A, B, C and used in powder form to evaluate for pharmacological activities. Adaptogenic activity of powders of Madhuraskandha drugs against swimming induced hypothermia was evaluated. In vivo antioxidant activity was assessed by enzymatic assay. The data were analyzed by parametric test i.e. student paired and Unpaired‘t' test and ANOVA followed by Dunnett‘t' test.
Results: Adaptogenic activity of drugs was assessed on the basis of reduction in hypothermia, body weight, physical activity in terms of cage rotations, sr. corticosterone, and total protein level. In vivo antioxidant activity carried out by measuring Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase enzymes assay and tabulated in Mean±SEM format.
Conclusions: The ten selected drugs of Madhuraskandha possess weak to moderate Rasayana (adaptogenic and in vivo antioxidant) activity either through Madhurarasa or vipaka or Madhuraprabhava. The result obtained in the present study may help to boost the Caraka's Rasaskandha classification. Madhuraskandha drug can be used as natural source of antioxidants as they are attributed with Rasayana Karma.
Key-words: Madhuraskandha, Adaptogenic activity, Antioxidant activity
References
Acharya YT. Editor. Carakasamhita of Agnivesh, Vimanasthana 8/138. Ayurvedadipika commentary by Chakrapani, 1st edition reprint, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashana; 2009.p 283
Acharya YT. Editor. Carakasamhita of Agnivesh, Sutrasthana 26/42(1), 61. Ayurvedadipika commentary by Chakrapani, 1st edition reprint, Varanasi:Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashana; 2009.p 143
Acharya YT. Editor. Carakasamhita of Agnivesh, Sutrasthana 4/18, Ayurvedadipika commentary by Chakrapani, 1st edition reprint, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashana; 2009.p 34
Paget GE, Barnes JM. Evaluation of drug activities. In: Lawrence DR, Bacharach AL, editors. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 1. New York: Academic press, 1964.p 161.
Åšaraá¹…gadhara, Åšaraá¹…gadharasaṃhita, Madhyamakhaṇá¸a 2/3, revised ed.Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surabharati Prakashana; 2008.p 72.
Sheth UK. Selected topics in experimental Pharmacology. Bombay: The Kothari book depot, 1972.p 137.
Parmar NS, Jagruti KD. A review of the current methodology for the gastric and duodenal anti-ulcer agents. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 1993; 25:120-35.
Sinha A K. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem, 1972; 47:389-94.
Rotruck J T et al. Selenium: biochemical role as component of Glutathione peroxidase. Science, 1973; 179:588-90.
Ohkawa H, odishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Annals of Biochemistry, 1979; 95: 351-58.
McCord JM, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J Biol Chem. 1969; 244 (22):6049-55.
Burger’s Medicinal chemistry and Drug Discovery 5th ed. 1997; 5:317.
Chaudari Sujit K. Quintessence of medical pharmacology. 1st ed. Calcutta: New central book Agency (p) LTD. p 1997.
Bijlani RL, Sud S, Gandhi BM, Jandon BN. Relationship of examination stress to serum lipid profile. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol 1985; 30 (1): 22-30.
http://www.essenceofstressrelief.com/general-adaptation-syndrome.html dt.3.12.15
http://www.adaptogens.org/adaptogen/conceptualize/47-how-adaptogens-work-on-the-body
S Pravansha et al, Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effect of Leptadenia reticulata leaf extract in rodents: possible modulation of cell and humoral immune response, ImmunopharmacolImmunotoxicol, 2012; 34 (6): 1010-19.
JD Roy, AK Handique, CC Barua, ATalukdar, FA Ahmed, IC Barua. Evaluation of phytoconstituents and assessment of adaptogenic activity in vivo in various extracts of Rhododendron arboreum (leaves). Indian J.Pharm.Biol.Res. 2014; 2(2):49-56.
http://www.anxietycentre.com/anxiety-symptoms/change-in-body-temperature.shtml
Sajeeth C.I et al. Antioxidant Activity of Polyherbal Formulation on Streptozotocin induced Diabetes in Experimental Animals. Der Pharmacia Sinica, 2011; 2(2):220-26.
Antonio Ayala, Mario F.Muñoz, and Sandro Argüelles. Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2014; 2014: 31.
Scibior D, Czeczot H. Catalase: structure, properties, functions. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2006; 60:170-80.
Tohru Fukai, Masuko Ushio-Fukai. Superoxide Dismutases: Role in Redox Signaling, Vascular Function, and Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal, 2011; 15(6): 1583–1606.
Das S, Vasisht S, Snehlata R, Das N, Srivastava LM. Correlation between total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemia. Curr Sci, 2000; 78:486-87.
Sinha AK. Colorimetric assay of catalase, Anal Biochem, 1972; 47:389.