PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM HEMIDESMUS INDICUS
Keywords:
Hemidesmus indicus, Phytochemical screening, Fingerprinting, HPLC, Antioxidant activity, Antibacterial activityAbstract
Objective: Ayurveda and Herbal medicine are two important forms of alternative medicine that are widely available in India. This work is mainly concerned with the identification of the compounds by HPLC analysis, phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Indian medicinal plant Hemidesmus indicus root extracts.
Methods: In the present work the compounds of Hemidesmus indicus were identified from ethanolic extract, by HPLC. Different extracts (Hexane, Ethylacetate, and Ethanol) of its root were used for the determination of the antioxidant activity by using DPPH method. These extracts of Hemidesmus indicus were also checked for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus megaterium, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsila pneumonia.
Results: In the present work two (2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid) compounds of Hemidesmus indicus were identified from ethanolic extract, by HPLC technique which were used as medicine for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The phytochemical analysis of H. indicus root extracts showed the presence of phenols, glycosides, flavonoids and steroids. All root extracts has very well anti-oxidant and antibacterial activity
Conclusion: In vitro study indicates that these plant extracts is a significant source of natural antioxidant, which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses and presence of alkaloids and polyphenols in higher concentration than the other phytochemicals suggests that these compound can be responsible for the antibacterial activity.
Downloads
References
Anonymous. Indian Pharmacopoeia. Indian Pharmacopoeia Committee. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi; 1996.
Anonymous. The Wealth of India. Raw materials, Vol. III, V and X, CSIR. New Delhi, India; 1997;37:56-70.
Anonymous. British Pharmacopoeia. British Pharmacopoeia Commission, Market Towers, Nine Elms Lane, London; 2003;5:67-70.
Sharma PK, Dhyani SK, Shankar V. Some useful and medicinal plants of the district Dehradun and Siwalik. J Sci Res Plant Med 1979;1:17-43.
Reddy KR, Hodges HF, Reddy VR. Temperature effects on cotton fruit retention. Agron J 1992;84:26-30.
Singh KK, Maheswari JK. Traditional phytotherapy among the tribals of Varanasi dist, U. P. 1. Econ Tax Bot 1983;4:803-29.
Singh KK, Prakash A. Observations on the ethnobotany of the koltribe of the varanasi district, U. P., India. In: Ethnobotany of South Asia. Maheswari JK. Ed. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India; 1996.
Balasubramanian P, Prasad NS. Medicinal plants among the [Mars of Attappady and Boluvampatti Forests in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Lit Edmobotany in South Asia. Maheswari JK. Ed. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India. Banerjec DK, DC Pal. Plant Used by the Tribals of North India Plains for Hair and Scalp Preparation. In: Ethnobiology in Human Welfare. Jain SK. Ed. Deep Publications, New Delhi, India; 1996.
Anoop Austin, Jegadeesan M. Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of Hemidesmusindicus var. pubescens. R. Br Ancient Sci Life 2002;12:34-41.
Anoop Austin, Jegadeesan M. Influence of seasonal changes in the toxicity of Hemidesmusindicus var. pubescens. R. Br. Convergence 2003;5:56-63.
Anoop Austin, Jegadeesan M, Gowrishankar R. A study on hemidesmusindicus var. pubescens It. Br. against helicobacter pylori. Indian J Applied Pure Biol 2003;18:107-10.
Sultana S, Khan N, Sharma S. Alain A. Modulation of biochemical parameters by Hemidesmus indicus in cumene hydroperoxide induced murine skin: possible role in protection against free radicals-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;85:33-41.
Chatterjee RC, Bhattacharya BK. A note on the isolation of (-sitoserol from Hemidesmusindicus. J Indian Chem Soc 1955;32:485.
Das DK, Singh V, Gissmann L, Zur Hausen H, Luthra OK. A high frequency of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in cervical carcinomas of Indian women as revealed by Southern blot hybridiza-tion and polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 1992;36:239-45.
Anoop Austin, Jegadeesan M, Gowrishankar R. Antimicrobial activity of Hemidesmusindicus var. indicus R. Br. against human isolates of Helicobacter pylori. Nat Prod Sci 2003;9:1-3.
Baheti JR, Loyal RK, Shah GB. Hepatoprotective activity of Hemidesmusindicus R. Br. in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2006;44:399-402.
Satoslcar RS, Shah LG, Bhatt K, Sheth UK. Preliminary study of pharmacolcgic properties of Anantmul (Hemidesmus indicus). Indian J Physiol Phannacol 1962;6:68-76.
Sircar D, Dey G, Mitra A. A validated HPLC method for simultaneous determination of 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde and 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid in root organs of hemidesmus indicus. Chromatographia 2007;65:349-53.
Gupta A, Muecke JS. Treatment of radiation maculopathy with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin). Retina 2008;28:964–8.
Nagarajan S, RaoJ. Determination of 2-hyroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde in roots of Declalepis haniltonii (weight and Arn) and Hemidesmus indicus R. Br Int J AOAC 2003;86:564-7.
Britto AJDA, Sujin RM. Hplc analysis of vitexin and fingerprint of vitex Negundo L. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;4:138-41.
Slusarczyk S, Hajnos M, Skalicka-Woz´niak K, Matkowski A. Antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Lycopus lucidus Turcz. Food Chem 2009;113:134–8.
Klancnik A, Piskernik S, Jersek B, Mozina SS. Evaluation of diffusion and dilution methods to determine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts. J Microbiol Methods 2010;81:121–6.