PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND INVITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACT OF AZARDIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM)
Keywords:
Antibacterial activity, Disc diffusion method, GC-MS analysis, Azadirachta indica, Bioactive compoundsAbstract
Objective: To perform GC-MS analysis and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica bark.
Methods: The dried powdered bark of Azadirachta indica (5g) were extracted exhaustively by crude and then fractionated into water, acetone, chloroform and ethanol. The bark ethanol extract was analyzed by GC-MS to identify and characterize the chemical compounds present in the crude extracts.
Results: Ethanol extract was found to contain the highest zone of inhibition against E. coli. In vitro antibacterial activities of ethanol extract were significant and comparable with the other extracts. Hence, the ethanol extract was selected for GC-MS and to identify the presence of 5 compounds in ethanol extracts.
Conclusion: Findings from this study state that the plant Azadirachta indica can be a potent source for treating diverse medicinal properties especially infectious diseases.
Downloads
References
Abdullah A, Shahed SA, Farzana A, Sajal K, Sreedam CD, Sitesh CB. Evaluation of brine shrimp lethality and antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract on some drug resistance bacteria in Bangladesh. Pharmacogn J 2011;20:66-71.
Anonymous. The wealth of India Raw material publication and information Directorate CSIR: New Delhi, India; 1985.
Ateb DA, ErdoUrul OT. Antimicrobial activities of various medicinal and commercial plant extracts. Truk J Biol 2003;27:157-62.
Bandyopadhyay U, Biswas K, Sengupta A. Clinical studies on the effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) bark extract on gastric secretion and gastroduodenal ulcer. Life Sci 2004;75;2867-78.
Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banerjee RK, Bandyopadhyay U. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica). Curr Sci 2002;82:1336-45.
Chung TH, Kim JC, Kim MK. Investigation of Korean plant extracts for potential phytotherapeutic agents against B-virus Hepatitis. Phytother Res 1995;9:429-34.
De N, Ifeoma E. Antimicrobial effects of components of the bark extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss). J Technol Dev 2002;8:23-8.
Farombi EO. African indigenous plant with chemotherapeutic potential and biotechnological approval to the production of the bioactive prophylactic agent. Afr Biotech 2003;2:662-7.
Girish K, Shankara BS. Neem–a green treasure. Electronic J Biol 2008;4:102-11.
Imran K, Rao S, Srikakolupu A, Darsipudi S, Gotteti SD, Amaranadh HC. Phytochemicals studies and screening of leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for its antimicrobial activity against dental pathogens. Appl Sci Res 2010;2:246-50.
John Britto S. Comparative antibacterial activity study of Solanum incaum L. J Swamy Botanical Club 2001;18:81-2.
Joshi B, Prasad GV, Buddha BB, Bhatt MJ, Dinita SK, Janardhan SP, et al. J Microbiol Antimicrob 2011;3:1-7.
Kumar S, Narain S. Herbal remedies of wetlands macrophytes in India. Int J Pharm Biosci 2010;1:1-2.
Makeri HK, Maikai VA, Nok JA. Effect of topical application of Neem seed (Azadirachta indica) extracts on sheep infested with Amblyomma variegatum. Afr J Biotechnol 2007;6:2324-7.
Manoharan S, Sulochana N, Kavimani S. Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the root, bark and leaves of Azadirachta indica. Ancient Sci Life 1998;18:29-34.
Moorthy V, Boominathan M. The antimicrobial activities of crude extracts and fraction of Psidium quajava and Azadirachta indica against Staphylococcus aureus in chronic disease affected patients. Int J Universal Pharm Life Sci 2011;1:160-73.
Muthu lakshmi A, Jothibai Margret R, Mohan VR. GC-MS analysis of bioactive components of Feronia elephantum correa (Rutaceae). J Appl Pharm Sci 2012;2:69-74.
Okete M, Iroegbu CU, Ez EN, Okoli AS, Esimone CO. Evaluation of extracts of root of Landonphin owerrience for antibacterial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;78:119-27.
Olano I, Alonso paz E, Cerdeiras MP, Fernandez J, Ferreira F, Moyna P. Screening of the Uruguayan medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity. Part II J Ethanopharmacol 1996;53:111–5.
Parekh J, Chanda S. In vitro antimicrobial activities of extracts of Launaeaprocumbens Roxb. (Labiateae), vitisvinifera L, (Vitaceae) Cyperusrotundus L (Cyperaceae). Afr J Biomed Res 2006;9:89-93.
Rabi Ranjan Chattopadhyay, Subir Kumar Bhattacharyya, Chiranjib Medda, Sunanda Chanda, Anwesa Bag. A comparative evaluation of the antibacterial potential of some plants used in Indian traditional medicine for the treatment of microbial infections. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2009;52:1123-8.
Reddy LJ, Jalli RD, Jose B, Gopu S. Evaluation of antibacterial and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the leaf extracts and leaf essential oil of Coriandum sativum Linn. World J Pharm Res 2012;1:705-16.
Reddy PS, Jamil K, Mathusudhan P. Antibacterial activity of isolates from piper longum and Taxus baccata. Pharm Biol 2001;39:236-8.
Scazzocchio F, Comets MF, Tomassini L, Palmery M. Antibacterial activity of Hydratis Canadensis extract and its major isolated alkaloids. Planta Med 2001;67:561-4.
Shravan KD, Ramakrishna R, Santhosh KM, Kannappan N. In vivo antidiabetic evaluation of neem leaf extract in alloxan induced rats. J Appl Pharm Sci 2011;1:100-5.
Umar A, Abdulrahman HT, Kokori M. Preliminary studies of the efficacies of the aqueous extracts of leaf and seed kernel of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) for the control of cowpea bruchid Callobruchus maculates (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Res J Sci 2002;8:25-30.
Valarmathy K, Azhagusaravanbabu P, Abhikash M. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of various plant leaves against selected microbial species. EJEAFChe Electron J Environ Agric Food Chem 2010;9:1378-82.