PROSPECTIVE AND RETROSPECTIVE ANIMAL MODEL USED IN THE PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ANTI-CANCER DRUG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i4.28472Keywords:
Proliferation, Preclinical, Cytotoxic agents, Xenograft, ZebrafishAbstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cells that have transformed from the normal cells of the body. The widely used cancer drugs suffers from the drawback of high toxicity not within the reach of a common man. This urgently necessitating the screening of these compounds. This review focuses on the major contributions of preclinical screening models to anticancer drug development over the years till recent times, from the empirical drug screening of cytotoxic agents against uncharacterized tumor models to the target-orientated drug screening of agents with defined mechanisms of action,, a general transition has been observed. The newer approaches to anticancer drug development involve the molecular characterization of models along with an appreciation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of compounds [e. g., the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vitro 60-cell line panel, hollow fibre assay, and s. c. xenograft]. In vivo tumor models including orthotopic, metastatic, and genetically engineered mouse models are also reviewed. The preclinical screening efforts of the European are also included. In 2015 with the rapid development of cancer modeling in zebrafish, great opportunities exist for chemical screens to find anticancer drug since 1970 the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Cancer Research UK, have been collaborating with the NCI in the acquisition and screening of compounds.Downloads
References
Goldin A, Venditti JM, Kline I, Mantel N. Evaluation of anti-leukemic agents employing advanced leukemia L1210 in mice. Cancer Res 1959;19:429–66.
Staquet MJ, Byar DP, Green SB, Rozencweig M. Clinical predictivity of transplantable tumor systems in the selection of new drugs for solid tumors: rationale for a three-stage strategy. Cancer Treat Rep 1983;67:753–65.
Shoemaker RH, Wolpert-DeFilippes MK, Kern DH. Application of a human tumor colony-forming assay to new drug screening. Cancer Res 1985;45:2145–53.
Von Hoff DD, Clark GM, Stogdill BJ. Prospective clinical trial of a human tumor cloning system. Cancer Res 1983;43:1926–31.
Qiuwen Mi, John M Pezzuto. Use of the in vivo hollow fiber assay in natural products anticancer drug discovery. J Nat Prod 2009;72:573-80.
Kerbel RS. Human tumor xenografts as predictive preclinical models for anticancer drug activity in humans: better than commonly perceived but they can be improved. Cancer Biol Ther 2003;2:S134–9.
Paget S. Secondary growths of cancer of the breast. Lancet 1889;1:571–3.
Fidler IJ. Rationale and methods for the use of nude mice to study the biology and therapy of human cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1986;5:29–49.
Fidler IJ, Naito S, Pathak S. Orthotopic implantation is essential for the selection, growth and metastasis of human renal cell cancer in nude mice [corrected]. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1990;9:149–65.
Hoffman RM. Fertile seed and rich soil: the development of clinically relevant models of human cancer by surgical orthotopic implantation of intact tissues. In: Teicher B. editor. Anticancer drug development guide: preclinical screening, clinical trials, and approval. Totowa NJ: Humana Press: Inc; 1997. p. 127–44.
Hoffman RM. Visualisation of metastasis in orthotopic mouse models with green fluorescent protein. In: Fiebig HH, Burger AM. editors. Relevance of tumour models for anticancer drug development. Contrib Oncol. Vol. 54. Basel: Karger; 1999. p. 81–7.
Kruger AE, Duray PH, Douglas K. Approaches to a preclinical screening of antiangiogenic agents. Semin Oncol 2001;28:570–6.
Berger MR. Autochthonous tumour models in rats: Is there a relevance for anticancer drug development. In: Fiebig HH, Burger AM. Editors. Relevance of Tumour Models for Anticancer Drug Development. Contrib Oncol. Vol. 54. Basel: Karger; 1999. p. 15–27.
Macleod KF, Jacks T. Insights into cancer from transgenic mouse models. J Pathol 1999;187:43–60.
Adams JM, Cory S. Transgenic models for haemopoietic malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991;1072:9–31.
Lavigueur A, Maltby V, Mock D. High incidence of lung, bone, and lymphoid tumors in transgenic mice overexpressing mutant alleles of the p53 oncogene. Mol Cell Biol 1989;9:3982–91.
Jacks T, Fazeli A, Schmitt EM. Effects of an Rb mutation in the mouse. Nature 1992;359:295–300.
Shoemaker AR, Gould KA, Luongo C, Moser AR, Dove WF. Studies of neoplasia in the min mouse. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997;1332:F25–48.
Aszterbaum M, Epstein J, Oro A. Ultraviolet and ionizing radiation enhance the growth of BCCs and trichoblastomas in patched heterozygous knockout mice. Nat Med 1999;5:1285–91.
Pinkel D, Segraves R, Sudar D. High-resolution analysis of DNA copy number variation using comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays. Nat Genet 1998;20:207–11.
Le Y, Sauer B. Conditional gene knockout using Cre recombinase. Mol Biotechnol 2001;17:269–75.
Lakso M, Sauer B, Mosinger B Jr. Targeted oncogene activation by site-specific recombination in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:6232–6.
Kuo TH, Kubota T, Watanabe M. Site-specific chemosensitivity of human small-cell lung carcinoma growing orthotopically compared to subcutaneously in SCID mice: the importance of orthotopic models to obtain relevant drug evaluation data. Anticancer Res 1993;13:627–30.
Fidler IJ, Ellis LM. The implications of angiogenesis for the biology and therapy of cancer metastasis. Cell 1994;79:185–8.
Cowen SE, Bibby MC, Double JA. Characterisation of the vasculature within a murine adenocarcinoma growing in different sites to evaluate the potential of vascular therapies. Acta Oncol 1995;34:357–60.
Marie Suggitt, Michael C Bibby. 50 y of preclinical anticancer drug screening: empirical to target-driven approaches. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:971–81.
JF Shepard, JL Stern, HM, Zon LI. Zebrafish as a cancer model system. Cancer Cell 2002;1:229-31.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
