CURCUMIN AND ITS NANOFORMULATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES COMPLICATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i4.34932Keywords:
Curcumin, Diabetes, Nanoparticle, LiposomesAbstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that has reached pandemic proportions, and which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder resulting in almost complete destruction (98%) of insulin secreting beta cells in the pancreas, while type 2 diabetes is considered to be a disease of protein misfolding where, in addition to the average 65% loss of beta cell mass, insulin resistance occurs in target organs. Diabetic complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular disease, are common and majorly impact a patient’s quality of life. Curcumin is the yellowish polyphenolic component of the dietary spice turmeric, which is the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, a herb in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Curcumin effectively reduces glycemia and hyperlipidemia but also has beneficial effects on diabetic complications due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in a relatively inexpensive and safe manner. New improved methods of delivering curcumin are being developed including nanoparticles and lipid/liposome formulations that increases its absorption and bioavailability as curcumin is poorly absorbed by the digestive system and undergoes glucuronidation and excretion rather than being released into the serum and systemically distributed. Development and refinement of these technologies will enable cell-directed targeting of curcumin and improved therapeutic outcome. The current review focuses on the antidiabetic efficacy of curcumin and nano-drug delivery approaches in attenuating diabetes and its complications.
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References
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34. Guo C, Li M, Qi X, Lin G, Cui F, Li F, et al. Intranasal delivery of nanomicelle curcumin promotes corneal epithelial wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2016;6:29-53.
35. Shome S, Talukdar AD, Choudhury MD, Bhattacharya MK, Upadhyaya H. Curcumin as potential therapeutic natural product: a nanobiotechnological perspective. J Pham Pharmacol 2016;68:1481-500.
36. Li J, Wang P, Ying J, Chen Z, Yu S. Curcumin attenuates retinal vascular leakage by inhibiting calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity in streptozotocin-induced diabete. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016;39:1196-208.
37. Pradhan D, Dasmohapatra T, Tripathy G. Pharmacognostic evaluation of curcumin on diabetic retinopathy in alloxan-induced diabetes through NF-KB and Brn3a related mechanism. Pharmacog J 2018;10:324-32.
38. Gao Y, Zhang Y, Ru YS, Wang XW, Yang JZ, Li CH, et al. Ocular surface changes in type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2015;8:358.
39. Zagon IS, Klocek MS, Sassani JW, McLaughlin PJ. Use of topical insulin to normalize corneal epithelial healing in diabetes mellitus. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:1082-8.
40. Yates JR, Sepp T, Matharu BK, Khan JC, Thurlby DA, Shahid H, et al. Complement C3 variant and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2007;357:553-61.
41. Osawa T, Kato Y. Protective role of antioxidative food factors in oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1043:440-51.
42. Sharma S, Chopra K, Kulkarni SK. Effect of insulin and its combination with resveratrol or curcumin in attenuation of diabetic neuropathic pain: participation of nitric oxide and TNF-alpha. Phytother Res 2007;21:278-83.
43. Attia HN, Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Maklad YA, Ahmed AA, Kenawy SA. Protective effects of combined therapy of gliclazide with curcumin in experimental diabetic neuropathy in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2012;23:153-61.
44. Zhao WC, Zhang B, Liao MJ, Zhang WX, He WY, Wang HB, et al. Curcumin ameliorated diabetic neuropathy partially by inhibition of NADPH oxidase mediating oxidative stress in the spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 2014;560:81-5.
45. Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu DB, Liu HY, Hou WG, Dong YS. Curcumin attenuates diabetic neuropathic pain by downregulating TNF-a in a rat model. Int J Med Sci 2013;10:377-81.
46. Kuhad A, Chopra K. Curcumin attenuates diabetic encephalopathy in rats: behavioral and biochemical evidences. Eur J Pharmacol 2007;576:34-42.
47. Kumar TP, Antony S, Soman S, Kuruvilla KP, George N, Paulose C. Role of curcumin in the prevention of cholinergic mediated cortical dysfunctions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mole Cell Endocrinol 2011;331:1-10.
48. Joshi RP, Negi G, Kumar A, Pawar YB, Munjal B, Bansal AK. SNED curcumin formulation leads to enhanced protection from pain and functional deficits associated with diabetic neuropathy: an insight into its mechanism for neuroprotection. Nanomedicine 2013;9:776-85.
49. Ho C, Hsu YC, Lei CC, Mau SC, Shih YH, Lin CL. Curcumin rescues diabetic renal fibrosis by targeting superoxide-mediated Wnt signaling pathways. Am J Med Sci 2016;351:286-95.
50. Hovind P, Tarnow L, Rossing K, Rossing P, Eising S, Larsen N, et al. Decreasing incidence of severe diabetic microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1258-64.
51. Yokoyama H, Okudaira M, Otani T, Sato A, Miura J, Takaike H, et al. Higher incidence of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 than in type 1 diabetes in early-onset diabetes in Japan. Kidney Int 2000;58:302-11.
52. Dronavalli S, Duka I, Bakris GL. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2008;4:444-52.
53. Huang J, Huang K, Lan T, Xie X, Shen X, Liu P, et al. Curcumin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the activation of the SphK1-S1P signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013;365:231-40.
54. Tikoo K, Meena RL, Kabra DG, Gaikwad AB. Change in post-translational modifications of histone H3, heat-shock protein-27 and MAP kinase p38 expression by curcumin in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic nephropathy. Br J Pharmacol 2008;153:1225-31.
55. Soetikno V, Sari FR, Veeraveedu PT, Thandavarayan RA, Harima M, Sukumaran V, et al. Curcumin ameliorates macrophage infiltration by inhibiting NF-kB activation and proinflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin induced-diabetic nephropathy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011;8:35.
56. Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Bharat B. Recent developments in delivery, bioavailability, absorption and metabolism of curcumin: the golden pigment from golden spice. Cancer Res Treat 2014;46:2-18.
57. Italia JL, Bhatt DK, Bhardwaj V, Tikoo K, Kumar MN. PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of cyclosporine: nephrotoxicity and pharmacokinetic studies in comparison to Sand immune Neoral. J Controlled Release 2007;119:197–206.
58. Mittal G, Sahana DK, Bhardwaj V, Ravi Kumar MN. Estradiol loaded PLGA nanoparticles for oral administration: effect of polymer molecular weight and copolymer composition on release behavior in vitro and in vivo. J Controlled Release 2007;119:77–85.
59. Cai K, Qi D, Hou X, Wang O, Chen J, Deng B, et al. MCP-1 upregulates amylin expression in murine pancreatic ? cells through ERK/JNK-AP1 and NF-?B related signaling pathways independent of CCR2. PloS one 2011;5:19559.
2. Moller D, Berger J. Role of PPARs in the regulation of obesity-related insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Int J Obes 2003;27 Suppl 3:S17-21.
3. Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as ‘curecumin’: from kitchen to clinic. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:787-809.
4. Chuengsamarn S, Rattanamongkolgul S, Luechapudiporn R, Phisalaphong C, Jirawatnotai S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35:2121-7.
5. Gururaj AE, Belakavadi M, Venkatesh DA, Marme D, Salimath BP. Molecular mechanisms of anti-angiogenic effect of curcumin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002;4:934-42.
6. Karimian MS, Pirro M, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Curcumin as a natural regulator of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017;33:55-63.
7. Sahni JK, Baboota S, Ali J. Promising role of nanopharmaceuticals in drug delivery. Pharm Times 2011;43:16–18.
8. Wang D, Veena MS, Stevenson K, Tang C, Ho B, Suh JD, et al. Liposome-encapsulated curcumin suppresses growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in xenografts through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B by an AKT-independent pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:6228–36.
9. Das RK, Kasoju N, Bora U. Encapsulation of curcumin in alginate-chitosan-pluronic composite nanoparticles for delivery to cancer cells. Nanomedicine 2010;6:153–60.
10. Gupta SK, Kumar B, Nag TC, Agrawal SS, Agrawal R, Agrawal P, et al. Curcumin prevents experimental diabetic retinopathy in rats through its hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2011;27:123-30.
11. Arun N, Nalini N. Efficacy of turmeric on blood sugar and polyol pathway in diabetic albino rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2002;57:41-52.
12. Peeyush KT, Gireesh G, Jobin M, Paulose CS. Neuroprotective role of curcumin in the cerebellum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2009;85:704-10.
13. Zhang YK, Li JM, Qin L. Suppression of corneal neovascularization by curcumin via inhibition of Wnt/?-catenin pathway activation. Int J Ophthalmol 2017;10:1791.
14. Patumraj S, Wongeakin N, Sridulyakul P, Jariyapongskul A, Futrakul N, Bunnag S. Combined effects of curcumin and vitamin C to protect endothelial dysfunction in the iris tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2006; 35:481-9.
15. Shehzad A, Ha T, Subhan F, Lee YS. New mechanisms and the anti-inflammatory role of curcumin in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Eur J Nutr 2011;50:151-61.
16. El-Moselhy MA, Taye A, Sharkawi SS, El-Sisi SF, Ahmed AF. The antihyperglycemic effect of curcumin in high fat diet fed rats. Role of TNF-a and free fatty acids. Food Chem Toxicol 2011;49:1129-40.
17. Shimabukuro M, Zhou YT, Levi M, Unger RH. Fatty acid-induced beta cell apoptosis: a link between obesity and diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:2498-502.
18. Liang H, Yin B, Zhang H, Zhang S, Zeng Q, Wang J, et al. Blockade of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type 1-mediated TNFalpha signaling protected Wistar rats from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Endocrinology 2008;149:2943-51.
19. Forbes JM, Cooper ME. Mechanisms of diabetic complications. Physiol Rev 2013;93:137-88.
20. Bril V. Treatments for diabetic neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2012;17:22-27.
21. Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes 1999;48:1-9.
22. Steigerwalt R, Nebbioso M, Appendino G, Belcaro G, Ciammaichella G, Cornelli U, et al. A lecithinized curcumin delivery system, in diabetic microangiopathy and retinopathy. Panminerva Med 2012;54:11.
23. Gupta SK, Kumar B, Nag TC, Agrawal SS, Agrawal R, Agrawal P, et al. Curcumin prevents experimental diabetic retinopathy in rats through its hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2011;27:123-30.
24. Obrosova I, Minchenko A, Marinescu V, Fathallah L, Kennedy A, Stockert C, et al. Antioxidants attenuate early up regulation of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetologia 2001;44:1102-10.
25. Cho ML, Jung YO, Moon YM, Min SY, Yoon CH, Lee SH, et al. Interleukin-18 induces the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts via AP-1-dependent pathways. Immunol Lett 2006;103:159-66.
26. Kim YH, Kim YS, Park SY, Park CH, Choi WS, Cho GJ. CaMKII regulates pericyte loss in the retina of early diabetic mouse. Mol Cell 2011;31:289-93.
27. Mrudula T, Suryanarayana P, Srinivas P, Reddy GB. Effect of curcumin on hyperglycemiainduced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retina. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007;361:528-32.
28. Williams B, Gallacher B, Patel H, Orme C. Glucose-induced protein kinase C activation regulates vascular permeability factor mRNA expression and peptide production by human vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Diabetes 1997;46:1497-503.
29. Kowluru RA, Tang J, Kern TS. Abnormalities of retinal metabolism in diabetes and experimental galactosemia: VII. Effect of long-term administration of antioxidants on the development of retinopathy. Diabetes 2001;50:1938-42.
30. Zuo ZF, Zhang Q, Liu XZ. Protective effects of curcumin on retinal muller cell in early diabetic rats. Int J Ophthalmol 2013;6:422.
31. Kumar GS, Shetty A, Sambaiah K, Salimath P. Antidiabetic property of fenugreek seed mucilage and spent turmeric in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nutr Res 2005;25:1021-8.
32. Suryanarayana P, Saraswat M, Mrudula T, Krishna TP, Krishnaswamy K, Reddy GB. Curcumin and turmeric delay streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:2092-9.
33. Manikandan R, Beulaja M, Thiagarajan R, Priyadarsini A, Saravanan R, Arumugam M. Ameliorative effects of curcumin against renal injuries mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa B during gentamicin-induced toxicity in wistar rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011;670:578-85.
34. Guo C, Li M, Qi X, Lin G, Cui F, Li F, et al. Intranasal delivery of nanomicelle curcumin promotes corneal epithelial wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2016;6:29-53.
35. Shome S, Talukdar AD, Choudhury MD, Bhattacharya MK, Upadhyaya H. Curcumin as potential therapeutic natural product: a nanobiotechnological perspective. J Pham Pharmacol 2016;68:1481-500.
36. Li J, Wang P, Ying J, Chen Z, Yu S. Curcumin attenuates retinal vascular leakage by inhibiting calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity in streptozotocin-induced diabete. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016;39:1196-208.
37. Pradhan D, Dasmohapatra T, Tripathy G. Pharmacognostic evaluation of curcumin on diabetic retinopathy in alloxan-induced diabetes through NF-KB and Brn3a related mechanism. Pharmacog J 2018;10:324-32.
38. Gao Y, Zhang Y, Ru YS, Wang XW, Yang JZ, Li CH, et al. Ocular surface changes in type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2015;8:358.
39. Zagon IS, Klocek MS, Sassani JW, McLaughlin PJ. Use of topical insulin to normalize corneal epithelial healing in diabetes mellitus. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125:1082-8.
40. Yates JR, Sepp T, Matharu BK, Khan JC, Thurlby DA, Shahid H, et al. Complement C3 variant and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2007;357:553-61.
41. Osawa T, Kato Y. Protective role of antioxidative food factors in oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1043:440-51.
42. Sharma S, Chopra K, Kulkarni SK. Effect of insulin and its combination with resveratrol or curcumin in attenuation of diabetic neuropathic pain: participation of nitric oxide and TNF-alpha. Phytother Res 2007;21:278-83.
43. Attia HN, Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Maklad YA, Ahmed AA, Kenawy SA. Protective effects of combined therapy of gliclazide with curcumin in experimental diabetic neuropathy in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2012;23:153-61.
44. Zhao WC, Zhang B, Liao MJ, Zhang WX, He WY, Wang HB, et al. Curcumin ameliorated diabetic neuropathy partially by inhibition of NADPH oxidase mediating oxidative stress in the spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 2014;560:81-5.
45. Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu DB, Liu HY, Hou WG, Dong YS. Curcumin attenuates diabetic neuropathic pain by downregulating TNF-a in a rat model. Int J Med Sci 2013;10:377-81.
46. Kuhad A, Chopra K. Curcumin attenuates diabetic encephalopathy in rats: behavioral and biochemical evidences. Eur J Pharmacol 2007;576:34-42.
47. Kumar TP, Antony S, Soman S, Kuruvilla KP, George N, Paulose C. Role of curcumin in the prevention of cholinergic mediated cortical dysfunctions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mole Cell Endocrinol 2011;331:1-10.
48. Joshi RP, Negi G, Kumar A, Pawar YB, Munjal B, Bansal AK. SNED curcumin formulation leads to enhanced protection from pain and functional deficits associated with diabetic neuropathy: an insight into its mechanism for neuroprotection. Nanomedicine 2013;9:776-85.
49. Ho C, Hsu YC, Lei CC, Mau SC, Shih YH, Lin CL. Curcumin rescues diabetic renal fibrosis by targeting superoxide-mediated Wnt signaling pathways. Am J Med Sci 2016;351:286-95.
50. Hovind P, Tarnow L, Rossing K, Rossing P, Eising S, Larsen N, et al. Decreasing incidence of severe diabetic microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1258-64.
51. Yokoyama H, Okudaira M, Otani T, Sato A, Miura J, Takaike H, et al. Higher incidence of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 than in type 1 diabetes in early-onset diabetes in Japan. Kidney Int 2000;58:302-11.
52. Dronavalli S, Duka I, Bakris GL. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2008;4:444-52.
53. Huang J, Huang K, Lan T, Xie X, Shen X, Liu P, et al. Curcumin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the activation of the SphK1-S1P signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013;365:231-40.
54. Tikoo K, Meena RL, Kabra DG, Gaikwad AB. Change in post-translational modifications of histone H3, heat-shock protein-27 and MAP kinase p38 expression by curcumin in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic nephropathy. Br J Pharmacol 2008;153:1225-31.
55. Soetikno V, Sari FR, Veeraveedu PT, Thandavarayan RA, Harima M, Sukumaran V, et al. Curcumin ameliorates macrophage infiltration by inhibiting NF-kB activation and proinflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin induced-diabetic nephropathy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011;8:35.
56. Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Bharat B. Recent developments in delivery, bioavailability, absorption and metabolism of curcumin: the golden pigment from golden spice. Cancer Res Treat 2014;46:2-18.
57. Italia JL, Bhatt DK, Bhardwaj V, Tikoo K, Kumar MN. PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery of cyclosporine: nephrotoxicity and pharmacokinetic studies in comparison to Sand immune Neoral. J Controlled Release 2007;119:197–206.
58. Mittal G, Sahana DK, Bhardwaj V, Ravi Kumar MN. Estradiol loaded PLGA nanoparticles for oral administration: effect of polymer molecular weight and copolymer composition on release behavior in vitro and in vivo. J Controlled Release 2007;119:77–85.
59. Cai K, Qi D, Hou X, Wang O, Chen J, Deng B, et al. MCP-1 upregulates amylin expression in murine pancreatic ? cells through ERK/JNK-AP1 and NF-?B related signaling pathways independent of CCR2. PloS one 2011;5:19559.
Published
15-07-2019
How to Cite
NATH, J., B. KALITA, and G. DAS. “CURCUMIN AND ITS NANOFORMULATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES COMPLICATIONS”. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 11, no. 4, July 2019, pp. 18-21, doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i4.34932.
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