AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF STEM BARK OF THE WONDER TREE, PROSOPIS CINERARIA (L.) DRUCE AGAINST LPS-INDUCED TOXICITY: AN IN VITRO STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i6.36352Keywords:
Antioxidants, In vitro, Prosopis cineraria, Reactive oxygen species, Liver homogenateAbstract
Objective: The present experimental investigation was planned to unravel and analyze the therapeutic potential of hydro-ethanol extract prepared from the stem bark of Prosopis cineraria against LPS-induced toxicity under in vitro conditions.
Methods: Liver tissue samples from healthy Swiss albino male mice (Mus musculus) were used for the study. Liver homogenate (0.9 ml) was treated with 0.05 mg/ml of LPS along with 0.01 to 0.05 mg/ml of hydro-ethanol plant extract and allowed to incubate at 37˚C. The reactions were terminated at different time points at 0 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 24 h and alterations in oxidative stress (LPO, CAT, SOD, GSH, GST, and GPx) and biochemical parameters of hepatic toxicity (AST and ALT, ACP and ALP) were studied.
Results: The results demonstrated that the obliterations in the levels of oxidative and biochemical parameters due to LPS induced toxicity were restored by the treatment with hydro-ethanol extract of Prosopis cineraria under in vitro conditions. The altered levels were biochemical parameters were observed at 0.05 mg/ml LPS concentration after 2 h; but administration of hydro-ethanol plant extract at concentration 0.04 mg/ml effectively reduced its level when compared to LPS treated samples under in vitro conditions
Conclusion: The present research work unravelled the alleviating potential of a hydro-ethanol extract of Prosopis cineraria against LPS-induced toxicity by combating oxidative stress under in vitro environment.
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References
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2. Rietschel ET, Holst O, Brade L, Muller Loennies S, Mamat U, Zahinger U, et al. Bacterial endotoxin: chemical constitution, biological recognition, host response and immunological detoxification. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1996;216:39-81.
3. Berczi I, Bertok I, Bereznai T. Comparative studies on the toxicity of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin in various animal species. Can J Microbiol 1966;12:1070-1.
4. Park H, Jung HY, Park EY, Kim J, Lee WJ, Bae YS. Cutting edge: direct interaction of TLR4 with NAD(P)H oxidase 4 isozyme is essential for lipopolysaccharide-induced production of reactive oxygen species and activation of NF-kappa B. J Immunol 2004;173:3589-93.
5. Weiss SJ. Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N Engl J Med 1989;320:365–76.
6. Halliwell B. Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: curiosity, cause or consequence. Lancet 1994;344:721–4.
7. Prins JM. Antibiotic induced release of endotoxin–clinical data and human studies. J Endotoxin Res 1996;3:269-73.
8. Kalwar SC, Sharma ML, Gurjar RD, Khandelwal MK, Wadhawan SK. Geomorphology and environmental sustainability. Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, India; 2005.
9. Velmurugan V, Arunachalam G, Ravichandran V. Anthelmintic potential of prosopis cineraria (linn.) druce stem barks. Asian J Plant Sci Res 2011;1:88-91.
10. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plants, International Book Distributors: Dehadun, India; 1984. p. 2.
11. Velioglu YS, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah BD. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables and grain products. J Agric Food Chem 1998;46:4113-7.
12. Garg A, Mittal SK. Review on prosopis cineraria: a potential herb of thar desert. Drug Invent 2013;5:60-5.
13. Nwanjo HU, Ojiako OA. Effect of vitamins E and C on exercise induced oxidative stress. Global J Pure Appl Sci 2005;12:199–202.
14. Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in the auto-oxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 1974;47:469-74.
15. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 1984;105:121-6.
16. Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 1959;82:70–7.
17. Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB. Glutathione s-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 1974;249:7130-9.
18. Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidases. Science 1973;179:588-90.
19. Lowry OH, Rosenbrough AL, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265-75.
20. Reitman S, Frankel AS. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Am J Clin Pathol 1957;28:53–6.
21. Sadashivam S, Manickam A. Biochemical methods. 2nd edition; 1996;2:121–4.
22. Esterbauer H, Dieber Rotheneder M, Waeg G, Striegl G, Juergens G. Biochemical structural and functional properties of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Chem Res Toxicol 1990;3:77-92.
23. Kangralkar VA, Patil SD, Bandivadekar RM. Oxidative stress and diabetes: a review. Int J Pharm Appl 2010;1:38-45.
24. Yasui K, Baba A. Therapeutic potential of superoxide dismutase (SOD) for resolution of inflammation. Inflamm Res 2006;55:359-63.
25. Bowler RP, Nicks M, Tran K, Tanner G, Chang LY, Young SK. Extracellular superoxide dismutase attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophilic inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004;31:432-9.
26. Joseph A, Li Y, Koo HC, Davis JM, Pollack S, Kazzaz JA. Superoxide dismutase attenuates hyperoxia-induced interleukin-8 induction via AP-1. Free Radical Biol Med 2008;45:1143-9.
27. Porfire AS, Leucu?a SE, Kiss B, Loghin F, Parvu AE. Investigation into the role of cu/Zn-SOD delivery system on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in rat model of peritonitis. Pharmacol Rep 2014;66:670-6.
28. Perez Rivero G, Ruiz Torres MP, Diez Marques ML, Canela A, Lopez Novoa JM, Rodriguez Puyol M. Telomerase deficiency promotes oxidative stress by reducing catalase activity. Free Radical Biol Med 2008;45:1243–51.
29. Ito K, Nakazato T, Yamato K, Miyakawa Y, Yamada T, Hozumi N. Induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells by homovanillic acid derivative, capsaicin, though oxidative stress: implication of phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 residue by reactive oxygen species. Cancer Res 2004;64:1071–8.
30. Yu L, Wan F, Dutta S, Welsh S, Liu Z, Freundt E. Autophagic programmed cell death by selective catalase degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:4952–7.
31. Abdalla MY. Glutathione as a potential target for cancer therapy; more or less is good? (mini-review). Jordan J Biol Sci 2011;4:119-24.
32. Nada SA, El-Shamarka ME-S, Omara EA, Abdel-Salam OM. Grape seed extract and vitamin c combination blocked phytoconstituents-induced multiple organ toxicity in mice. ROS 2019;7:161–75.
33. Hägerstrand I. Distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity in healthy and diseased human liver tissue. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A 1975;83:519-26.
34. Jahan MS, Vani G, Shyamaladevi CS. The anti-carcinogenic effect of Solanum trilobatum in diethylnitrosamine induced and phenobarbital promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Asian J Biochem 2011;6:74-81.
35. Khatri A, Rathore A, Patil UK. Assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of bark of prosopis cineraria (L.) druce. Int J Pharm Res 2012;4:27-9.
36. Rotelli AE, Guardia T, Juarez AO, de la Rocha NE, Pelzer LE. Comparative study of flavonoids in experimental models of inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2003;48:601-6.
37. Galvez J, de la Cruz JP, Zarzuelo A, Sanchez de Medina FJ, Jimenez J Sanchez, de la Cuesta F. Oral administration of quercitrin modifies intestinal oxidative status in rats. Gen Pharmacol 1994;25:1237–43.
38. Comalada M, Camuesco D, Sierra S, Ballester I, Xaus J, Galvez J, et al. In vivo quercitrin anti-inflammatory effect involves the release of quercetin, which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the NF-kappa B pathway. Eur J Immunol 2005;35:584–92.
39. Remick D. Applied molecular biology of sepsis. J Crit Care 2005;10:198-212.
40. Sawatzky D, Willoughby D, Colville Nash P, Rossi A. The involvement of the apoptosis-modulating proteins Erk 1/2, Bcl-xL, and Bax in the resolution of acute inflammation in vivo. Am J Pathol 2006;168:33-41.
41. Ulevitch R, Tobias P. Receptor-dependent mechanisms of cell stimulation by bacterial endotoxin. Ann Rev Immonol 2006;13:437-57.
42. Sachdeva S, Kaushik V, Saini V. A review on the phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Prosopis cineraria. Int J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2014;1:1-4.
Published
15-11-2019
How to Cite
SHARMA, V., and P. SHARMA. “AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF STEM BARK OF THE WONDER TREE, PROSOPIS CINERARIA (L.) DRUCE AGAINST LPS-INDUCED TOXICITY: AN IN VITRO STUDY”. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 11, no. 6, Nov. 2019, pp. 96-102, doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i6.36352.
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