COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF METHANOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF TERMINALIA BELLERICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i6.36354Keywords:
Reactive oxygen species, Total phenolic content, Antioxidant, Terminalia, BellericaAbstract
Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidative activity of fruit pulp, seed and bark of T. bellerica.
Methods: Methanol (70%) and water were used for the extraction, and the respective extracts were analyzed for total phenolic contents along with the antioxidant activities through different assays.
Results: Amongst the tested extracts, methanolic extracts were found to be better than aqueous with the highest total phenolic contents (TPC). Methanolic fruit pulp showed lower IC50 for free radical (118.7 µg/ml), superoxide anion radical (77.65 µg/ml) and hydroxyl radical (73.76 µg/ml) scavenging activities. Methanolic fruit pulp also showed lower IC50 for lipid peroxidation (115.6 µg/ml) and ferric thiocyanate (184.98 µg/ml) assay than aqueous extracts in comparison to standard quercetin. Further, correlation between TPC and antioxidant studies revealed that phenolics are mainly responsible for antioxidant activity of T. bellerica.
Conclusion: The current study suggests that the methanolic extract of T. bellerica could be a potential source of natural antioxidants for food and pharmaceutical companies.
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References
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36. Spencer JPE, Jenner A, Aruoma OI. Intense oxidative DNA damage promoted by L-Dopa and its metabolites, implications for neurodegenerative disease. FEBS Lett 1994;353:246-50.
37. Marnett LJ. Lipid peroxidation-DNA damage by malondialdehyde. Mutat Res 1999;424:83-95.
38. Yen GC, Duh PD, Chuang DY. Antioxidant activity of anthraquinones and anthrone. Food Chem 2000;70:307-15.
39. Sultana B, Anwar F, Przybylski R. Antioxidant activity of phenolic components present in barks of Azadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica, and Eugenia jambolana Lam. trees. Food Chem 2007;104:1106-14.
40. Meir S, Kanner J, Akiri B, Hadas SP. Determination and involvement of aqueous reducing compounds in oxidative defense systems of various senescing leaves. J Agric Food Chem 1995;43:1813-7.
41. Djeridane A, Yousfi M, Nadjemi B, Boutassouna D, Stocker P, Vidal N. Antioxidant activity of some algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chem 2006;97:654-60.
42. Nabavi SM, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Bahramian F. In vitro antioxidant activity of phytolacca americana berries. Pharmacologyonline 2009;1:81-8.
43. Kedare SB, Singh RP. Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. J Food Sci Technol 2011;48:412-22.
44. Liu SC, Lin JT, Wang CK, Chen HY, Yang DJ. Antioxidant properties of the various solvent extract from lychee (Litchi chinenesis Sonn.) flowers. Food Chem 2009;114:577-81.
2. Balmus IM, Ciobica A, Trifan A, Stanciu C. The implications of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and animal models. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2016;22:3-17.
3. Yazdanparast R, Ardestani AJ. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Cyperus rotundus. Med Food 2007;10:667-74.
4. Yazdanparast R, Bahramikias S, Ardestani A. Nasturtium officinale reduces oxidative stress and enhances antioxidant capacity in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2008;172:176-84.
5. Rashed K, Potocnjak I, Giacometti J. Terminalia bellerica aerial parts ethyl acetate extract exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated mice. J Funct Foods 2014;8:319-30.
6. Saraphanchotiwitthaya A, Ingkaninan K. Immunomodulatory activity of an acetone extract of Terminalia bellerica Roxb fruit on the mouse immune response in vitro. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:274-8.
7. Ghate NB, Hazra B, Sarkar R, Chaudhuri D, Mandal N. Alteration of bax/bcl-2 ratio contributes to Terminalia bellerica induced apoptosis in human lung and breast carcinoma. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014;50:527-37.
8. Gupta R, Gupta A, Singh RL. Hepatoprotective activities of triphala and its constituents. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2015;4:34-55.
9. Singh RL, Gupta R, Dwivedi N. A review on anti-microbial activities of Triphala and its constituents. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;5:535-58.
10. Gupta R, Singh RL, Dwivedi N. In vitro antioxidant activity and GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts of Terminalia bellerica RoxB (Baheda). Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2016;8:1-8.
11. Pandey KB, Rizvi SI. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2009;2:270-8.
12. Ragazzi E, Veronese G. Quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds after thin-layer chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr 1973;77:369-75.
13. Yen GC, Duh PD. Scavenging effect of methanolic extracts of peanut hulls on free radical and active oxygen. J Agric Food Chem 1994;42:629-32.
14. Nishikimi MN, Rao A, Yagi K. The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulphate and molecular oxygen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972;46:849-64.
15. Apati P, Szentmihalyi K, Kristo ST. Herbal remedies of Solidago-correlation of phytochemical characteristics and antioxidative properties. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003;32:1045-53.
16. Ohkaowa H, Ohisi N, Yagi K, Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem Anal Biochem 1979;95:351-8.
17. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC, Aruoma OI. The deoxyribose method: a simple test tube assay for the determination of rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals. Anal Biochem 1987;165:215-9.
18. Tsuda T, Watanabe M, Ohshima K, Yamamoto A, Kawakishi S, Osawa T. Antioxidative components isolated from the seed of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). J Agric Food Chem 1994;42:2671-4.
19. Singh BN, Singh BR, Singh RL. Polyphenolics from various extracts/fractions of red onion (Allium cepa) peel with potent antioxidant and antimutagenic activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:1109-16.
20. Das NP, Pereira TA. Effects of flavonoids on thermal autooxidation of palm oil: Structure-activity relationship. ?J Am Oil Chem Soc 1990;67:255-8.
21. De Gaulejac NSC, Glories Y, Vivas N. Free radical scavenging effect of anthocyanins in red wines. Food Res Int 1999;32:327-33.
22. Shahriar M, Hossain MI, Bahar ANM, Akhter S, Haque MA, Bhuiyan MA. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of bark extracts of Terminalia arjuna. J Appl Pharm Sci 2012;2:65-8.
23. Venkatesan A, Kathirvel A, Prakash S, Sujatha V. Antioxidant, antibacterial activities and identification of bioactive compounds from Terminalia chebula bark extracts. Free Radicals Antioxid 2017;7:43-9.
24. Shimada K, Fujikawa K, Yahara K, Nakamura T. Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion. J Agric Food Chem 1992;40:945-8.
25. Fukumoto LR, Mazza G. Assessing antioxidant and prooxidant activities of phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:3597-604.
26. Soares JR, Dins TCP, Cunha AP, Almeida LM. Antioxidant activities of some extracts of Thymus zygis. Free Radical Res 1997;26:469-78.
27. Guo XY, Wang J, Wang NL, Kitanaka S, Yao XS. 9, 10-Dihydrophenanthrene derivatives from Pholidota yunnanensis and scavenging activity on DPPH free radical. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2007;9:165-74.
28. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals, and disease. Biochem J 1984;219:1-14.
29. Wickens AP. Ageing and the free radical theory. Respir Physiol 2001;128:379-91.
30. Liu F, Ooi VEC, Chang ST. Free radical scavenging activities of mushroom polysaccharide extracts. Life Sci 1997;60:763-71.
31. Pietta PG. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J Nat Prod 2000;63:1035-42.
32. Cos P, Ying L, Calomme M. Structure-activity relationship and classification of flavonoids as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and superoxide scavengers. J Nat Prod 1998;61:71-6.
33. Parejo I, Viladomat F, Bastida J. Comparison between the radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity of six distilled and undistilled mediterranean herbs and aromatic plants. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:6882-90.
34. Shahidi F. Natural antioxidants, chemistry, health effects and applications. IL, USA: AOCS Press Champaign; 1997.
35. Sherin L, Mustafa M, Shujaat S. Evaluation of Terminalia bellerica roxb. leaf extracted in different solvents for antioxidant activities. Asian J Chem 2015;27:4527-31.
36. Spencer JPE, Jenner A, Aruoma OI. Intense oxidative DNA damage promoted by L-Dopa and its metabolites, implications for neurodegenerative disease. FEBS Lett 1994;353:246-50.
37. Marnett LJ. Lipid peroxidation-DNA damage by malondialdehyde. Mutat Res 1999;424:83-95.
38. Yen GC, Duh PD, Chuang DY. Antioxidant activity of anthraquinones and anthrone. Food Chem 2000;70:307-15.
39. Sultana B, Anwar F, Przybylski R. Antioxidant activity of phenolic components present in barks of Azadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica, and Eugenia jambolana Lam. trees. Food Chem 2007;104:1106-14.
40. Meir S, Kanner J, Akiri B, Hadas SP. Determination and involvement of aqueous reducing compounds in oxidative defense systems of various senescing leaves. J Agric Food Chem 1995;43:1813-7.
41. Djeridane A, Yousfi M, Nadjemi B, Boutassouna D, Stocker P, Vidal N. Antioxidant activity of some algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chem 2006;97:654-60.
42. Nabavi SM, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Bahramian F. In vitro antioxidant activity of phytolacca americana berries. Pharmacologyonline 2009;1:81-8.
43. Kedare SB, Singh RP. Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. J Food Sci Technol 2011;48:412-22.
44. Liu SC, Lin JT, Wang CK, Chen HY, Yang DJ. Antioxidant properties of the various solvent extract from lychee (Litchi chinenesis Sonn.) flowers. Food Chem 2009;114:577-81.
Published
15-11-2019
How to Cite
GUPTA, R., R. L. SINGH, and A. GUPTA. “COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF METHANOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF TERMINALIA BELLERICA”. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 11, no. 6, Nov. 2019, pp. 103-10, doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i6.36354.
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