ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOL AND FLAVONOIDS ANALYSIS OF SAMBUCUS NIGRA (ELDERBERRY)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i1.36829Keywords:
Antioxidant, Phytochemical, Sambucus nigra, Anthocyanin, Antimicrobial activityAbstract
Objective: The goal of this study was paying attention on the chemical characterization of phytochemical compounds and their antioxidant activity of Sambucus nigra L.
Methods: Phytochemical analysis was performed by Sambucus nigra L fruit extract. Total Phenol and Flavonoids content of elderberry fruit extract also determined using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Antibacterial activity was performed by disk diffusion method and Antioxidant capacity was investigated by DPPH assay, butylhydroxytoluene used as a standard.
Results: The richest anthocyanin in elderberry fruits was cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside. The antioxidant capacity obtained for elderberry extract proved that elderberry shown highest antioxidant activity, being the richest anthocyanins. The antioxidant capacity of elderberry fruit methanolic extract was recorded 62.56±1.12 percentages of scavenging activity. We also investigated antibacterial activity against four species Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. There E. coli was recorded 12.0 mm and Pseudomonas putida was recorded 0.34 mm zone of inhibition.
Conclusion: The conclusion of our study is that Sambucus nisgra fruit extract has very high antioxidant activity which makes it recommendable for food industry and dietary supplement.
Downloads
References
2. X Wu, L Gu, RL Prior, S Mckay. Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in some cultivars of ribes, aronia, and sambucus and their antioxidant capacity. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:7846.
3. P Jing, JA Bomser, SJ Schwartz, J He, BA Magnuson, MM Giusti. Structure-function relationships of anthocyanins from various anthocyanin-rich extracts on the inhibition of colon cancer cell growth. J Agric Food Chem 2008;56:9391.
4. S Zafra Stone, T Yasmin, M Bagchi, A Chatterjee, JA Vinson, D Bagchi. Berries anthocynins as nowel antioxidant in human health and diseases prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007;51:675-83.
5. Z Zakay Rones, E Thom, T Wollan, J Wadstein. Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza a and b virus infections. J Int Med Res 2004;32:132.
6. Fossum G, Malterud KE, Moradi A, S Nigra, L Flos. Assessment report for the development of community monographs and for inclusion of herbal subtsance(s), preparation(s) or combinations ther of in the list. European Medicines Agency (EMA): London; 2008.
7. Veberic R, Jakopic J, Stampar F, Schmitzer V. European elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) rich in sugars, organic acids, anthocyanins and selected polyphenols. Food Chem 2009;114:511-5.
8. Bhattacharya S, Christensen KB, Olsen LCB, Christensen LP, Grevsen K, Færgeman NJ, et al. Bioactive components from flowers of Sambucus nigra L. increase glucose uptake in primary porcine myotube cultures and reduce fat accumulation in caenorhabditis elegans. J Agric Food Chem 2013;61:11033–40.
9. Beaux D, Fleurentin J, Mortier F. Effect of extracts of orthosiphon stamineus benth, hieracium pilosella L., sambucus L. and arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) spreng in rats. Phytother Res 1999;13:222–5.
10. Chen L, Hu JY, Wang SQ. The role of antioxidants in photoprotection: a critical review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:1013–24.
11. Chrubasik C, Maier T, Dawid C, Torda T, Schieber A, Hofmann T, et al. An observation study and quantification of the actives in a supplement with sambucus nigra and asparagus officinalis used for weight reduction. Photother Res 2008;22:913–8.
12. Folmer F, Basavaraju U, Jaspars M, Hold G, El-Omar E, Dicato M, et al. Anticancer effects of bioactive berry compounds. Phytochem Rev 2014;13:295–322.
13. Gray AM, Abel Wahab YHA, Flatt PR. The traditional plant treatment, Sambucus nigra (elder), exhibits insulin-like and insulin-releasing actions in vitro. J Nutr 2000;113:15–20.
14. Picon PD, Picon RV, Costa AF, Sander GB, Amaral KM, Aboy AL, et al. Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing pimpinella anisum, foeniculum vulgare, sambucus nigra, and cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation. BMC Complementary Altern Med 2010;10:17.
15. Omulokoli E, B Khan, SC Chhabra. Antiplasmodial activity of four kenyan medicinal plants. J Ethnoph 1995;56:133–7.
16. Coban EP, H Biyik. Antimicrobial activity of etha¬nol extracts of some plants natural growing in Aydin, Turkey. Afr J Microbiol Res 2010;4:2318–23.
17. Kim J, MR Marshall, C Wei. Antibacterial activity of some essential oils components against five foodborne pathogens. J Agric Food Chem 1995;43:2839–45.
18. C Rice Evans, N Miller, G Paganga. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends Plant Sci 1997;2:152.
19. R Zadernowski, M Naczk, J Nesterowicz. Phenolic acid profiles in some small berries. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:2118.
20. Sofowora. Recent trends in research into African medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1993;38:209.
21. VL Singleton, JA Rossi. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Viticulture 1965;16:144–58.
22. CC Chang, MH Yang, HM Wen, JC Chern. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J Food Drug Anal 2002;10:178–82.
23. W Brand Williams, ME Cuvelier, C Berset. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT Food Sci Technol 1995;28:25.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
