FUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL OF UNCONVENTIONAL PLANT SOURCES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i4.42743Keywords:
Antibacterial potential, Antioxidant activity, PolyphenolsAbstract
Objective: Plant phenols are extensively studied, thanks to their many prophylactic (anti-tumoural, ulcer, inflammatory) and therapeutic effects. Their many antioxidants may protect against diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases. Our objective was to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of our samples: Cocos nucifera (shell), Punica granatum (peel), Citrus limonum (rind), and Ocimum sanctum (stem); in conjugation with phytochemical analysis.
Methods: The hydro-methanolic extracts of the selected plant parts were assessed for polyphenols. Antioxidant (ferric reducing power assay) and antibacterial (Kirby Bauer disc diffusion) assays were run for varying concentrations against-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi.
Results: The results showed that the samples all contained polyphenols with high total phenolic activity in pomegranate and high antibacterial activity in coconut. A more comprehensive study could lead to their emphatic incorporation into mainstream medicine and pharmaceuticals–furnishing natural alternatives to their chemical counterparts.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that hydro-methanolic extracts of the samples contain phytochemicals in high concentrations, conferring upon them promising antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
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References
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2. Lima EBC, Sousa CNS, Meneses LN, Ximenes NC, Santos Junior MA, Vasconcelos GS, et al. Cocos nucifera (L.) (arecaceae): a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Brazilian J Med Biol Res 2015;48:953–64.
3. John S, Monica SJ, Priyadarshini S, Arumugam P. Investigation on phytochemical profile of citrus limonum peel extract. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017;2:65–7.
4. Ghosh JS, Dhanavade MJ, Jalkute CB, Sonawane KD. Study antimicrobial activity of lemon (Citrus lemon L.) peel extract. Br J Pharmacol Toxicol 2011;2:119–22.
5. Karthikeyan G, Vidya AK. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of pomegranate peel. Life Sci Informatics Publ 2019;5:218–31.
6. Gao H, Cheng N, Zhou J, Wang B, Deng J, Cao W. Antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds of date plum persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.) fruits. J Food Sci Technol 2014;51:950-6.
7. Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;46:493-6
8. Pandey KB, Rizvi SI. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxidative Med Cellular Longevity 2009;2:270-8.
9. Grygorieva O, Kucharska AZ, Piorecki N, Klymenko S, Vergun O, Brindza J, et al. Antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds in fruits of various genotypes of american persimmon (diospyros virginiana l.). Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment 2018;17:117–24.
10. Magangana TP, Makunga NP, Fawole OA, Opara UL. Processing factors affecting the phytochemical and nutritional properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel waste: a review. Molecules 2020;25:4690.
11. Ismail T, Sestili P, Akhtar S. Pomegranate peel and fruit extracts: a review of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;143:397–405.
12. Venkataraman S, Ramanujam TR, Venkatasubbu VS. Antifungal activity of the alcoholic extract of coconut shell cocos nucifera Linn. J Ethnopharmacol 1980;2:291–3.
13. Pieris, Mevanliyanage CD. A physico-chemical analysis of coconut shell powder. Procedia Chem 2015;16:222–8.
14. Child R, Ramanathan S. Composition of coconut shells. J Am Chem Soc 1938;60:1506–7.
15. Espinoza Acosta JL, Torres Chavez PI, Ramirez Wong B, Lopez Saiz CM, Montano Leyva B. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic properties of technical lignins and their applications. Bioresources 2016;11:5452–81.
16. Deo B, Nath M, Nayak PK, Dhal Y. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of ocimum tenuiflorum, an important medicinal herb. Int J Plant Anim Environ Sci 2013;3:150-4.
17. Balaji R. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Dried Leaf and Stem). Int J Pharma Res Dev 2011;3:20–7.
18. Lukmanul Hakkim F, Gowri Shankar C, Girija S. Chemical composition and antioxidant property of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) Leaves, stems, and inflorescence and their in vitro callus cultures. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:9109–17.
19. Ali J, Das B, Saikia T. Antimicrobial activity of lemon peel (citrus limon) extract. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2017;9:79-82.
20. Majumder R, Dhara M, Adhikari L, Ghosh G, Pattnaik S. Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of olax psittacorum. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019;81:99–109.
21. Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, et al. Oxidative stress: harms and benefits for human health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. Hindawi Limited; 2017. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5551541/?Report=abstract [Last accessed on 08 Oct 2020]
22. Pendleton JN, Gorman SP, Gilmore BF. Clinical relevance of the ESKAPE pathogens. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2013;11:297–308.
23. E Coli. World Health Organization. E. Coli; 2018. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/e-coli [Last accessed on 08 Oct 2020]
24. Rocca DM, Vanegas JP, Fournier K, Becerra MC, Scaiano JC, Lanterna AE. Biocompatibility and photo-induced antibacterial activity of lignin-stabilized noble metal nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2018;8:40454–63.
25. Alzagameem A, Klein SE, Bergs M, Do XT, Korte I, Dohlen S, et al. Antimicrobial activity of lignin and lignin-derived cellulose and chitosan composites against selected pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. Polymers (Basel) 2019;11:670.
26. Malis D, Jersek B, Tomsic B, Stular D, Golja B, Kapun G, et al. Antibacterial activity and biodegradation of cellulose fiber blends with incorporated zno. Materials (Basel) 2019;12:3399.
27. Victor E. Cocos nucifera (coconut) fruit: a review of its medical properties. Adv Agric Sci Eng Res 2013;3:718–23.
28. Pattanayak P, Behera P, Das D, Panda S. Ocimum sanctum Linn. A reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: an overview. Pharmacogn Rev Wolters Kluwer--Medknow Publications 2010;4:95–105.
29. Analysis P, Aqueous OF, Of E, Linn S. Photoprotective and antioxidant activities along with phytochemical investigation of rose water. Int J Universal Phytochem Anal Aqueous Extract Ocimum 2013;2:462–8.
30. Singh S, Malhotra M, Majumdar DK. Antibacterial activity of ocimum sanctum L. Fixed Oil 2005;43:835–7.
31. Rana S, Dixit S. Screening of phytochemicals in citrus limonum peel extract to evaluate its antimicrobial potential. Int J Nat Prod Res 2017;7:7–16.
32. Henderson AH, Fachrial E, Nyoman I, Lister E. Antimicrobial activity of lemon (Citrus limon) peel extract against escherichia coli. Am Sci Res J Eng Technol Sci 2018;39:268-73.
33. Rosas Burgos EC, Burgos Hernandez A, Noguera Artiaga L, Kacaniova M, Hernandez Garcia F, Cardenas Lopez JL, et al. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extracts as affected by cultivar. J Sci Food Agric 2017;97:802-10.
34. El-Sherbini GM, Ibrahim KM, El Sherbiny ET, Abdel-Hady NM, Morsy TA. Efficacy of punica granatum extract on in vitro and in vivo control of trichomonas vaginalis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2010;40:229-44.
35. Gopalakrishnan S, Benny PJ. In vitro antimicrobial properties of Punica granatum extract on bacteria causing urinary tract infections. Indian Drugs 2009;46:17-22.
36. Al-Zoreky NS. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peels. Int J Food Microbiol 2009;134:244-8.
37. Manuranjan G, Lalduhsanga P, Lalhlenmawia H, Bibhuti K, Thanzami K. Physicochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of fixed and essential oils extracted from the peels of citrus macroptera fruit. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019;81:82–8.
38. Borthagaray G, Mondelli M, Facchin G, Torre MH. Silver-containing nanoparticles in the research of new antimicrobial agents against ESKAPE pathogens. In: Inorganic frameworks as smart nanomedicines. William Andrew; 2018. p. 317–86.
39. Xie Y, Yang W, Tang F, Chen X, Ren L. Antibacterial activities of flavonoids: structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Curr Med Chem 2014;22:132-49.
Published
15-07-2021
How to Cite
SANGLE, S. C., N. MANOHARAN, K. LIMGAOKAR, and A. NIGAM. “FUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL OF UNCONVENTIONAL PLANT SOURCES”. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 13, no. 4, July 2021, pp. 53-59, doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i4.42743.
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Original Article(s)
