NIPAH VIRUS INFECTION-A REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2022v14i6.2054%20Keywords:
Nipah virus, Bats, Outbreak, Diagnosis, TreatmentAbstract
Nipah viral disease is a zoonotic infection caused by Nipah virus (NiV), a paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. First emerged in Malaysia in 1998 and has sinces caused outbreaks in other parts of south and south east Asia. It is an emerging bat-borne pathogen. It causes severe neurological and respiratory disease which is highly lethal. Nipah virus is associated with ingestion of contaminated date palm sap and human-to-human transmission. Bats are the main reservoir for this virus, which can cause disease in humans and animals. Rapid diagnosis and implementation of infection control measures are essential to contain outbreaks. Different types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays along with molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed for diagnostic purposes. A number of serological and molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed for diagnosis and management arise when a new area is affected. However, no effective treatment or prophylaxis is readily available, though several approaches show promise.
Downloads
References
Clayton BA, Wang LF, Marsh GA. Henipaviruses: an updated review focusing on the pteropid reservoir and features of transmission. Zoonoses Public Health. 2013;60(1):69-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01501.x, PMID 22709528.
Marsh GA. Cedar virus: a novel Henipavirus isolated from Australian bats. PLOS Pathogensande. 2012. p. 1002836.
WHO. Nipah Virus Infection. World health organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/nipah/en/. [Last accessed 01 Nov 2022]
Luby SP. The pandemic potential of Nipah virus. Antiviral Res. 2013;100(1):38-43. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.011, PMID 23911335.
Tan KS, Tan CT, Goh KJ. Epidemiological aspects of Nipah virus infection. Neurol J S East Asia. 1999;4:77-81.
Paton NI, Leo YS, Zaki SR, Auchus AP, Lee KE, Ling AE. Outbreak of nipah-virus infection among abattoir workers in singapore. Lancet. 1999;354(9186):1253-56. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04379-2, PMID 10520634.
Chew MH, Arguin PM, Shay DK, Goh KT, Rollin PE, Shieh WJ. Risk factors for Nipah virus infection among abattoir workers in singapore. J Infect Dis. 2000;181(5):1760-3. doi: 10.1086/315443, PMID 10823780.
Yob JM, Field H, Rashdi AM, Morrissy C, Van der Heide B, Rota P. Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7(3):439-41. doi: 10.3201/eid0703.010312, PMID 11384522.
Chua KB, Bellini WJ, Rota PA, Harcourt BH, Tamin A, Lam SK. Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus. Science. 2000;288(5470):1432-5. doi: 10.1126/science.288.5470.1432, PMID 10827955.
Murray K, Selleck P, Hooper P, Hyatt A, Gould A, Gleeson L. A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans. Science. 1995;268(5207):94-7. doi: 10.1126/science.7701348, PMID 7701348.
Wang LF, Yu M, Hansson E, Pritchard LI, Shiell B, Michalski WP. The exceptionally large genome of Hendra virus: support for creation of a new genus within the family Paramyxoviridae. J Virol. 2000;74(21):9972-9. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.21.9972-9979.2000, PMID 11024125.
Lf W, Mackenzie JS. Henipaviruses. Fields Virol. 2013:286-313.
Liu Q, Bradel Tretheway B, Monreal AI, Saludes JP, Lu X, Nicola AV. Nipah virus attachment glycoprotein stalk C-terminal region links receptor binding to fusion triggering. J Virol. 2015;89(3):1838-50. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02277-14, PMID 25428863.
Wong JJW, Young TA, Zhang J, Liu S, Leser GP, Komives EA. Monomeric ephrin B2 binding induces allosteric changes in Nipah virus G that precede its full activation. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):781. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00863-3, PMID 28974687.
Mounts AW, Kaur H, Parashar UD, Ksiazek TG, Cannon D, Arokiasamy JT. A cohort study of health care workers to assess nosocomial transmissibility of Nipah virus, Malaysia, 1999. J Infect Dis. 2001;183(5):810-3. doi: 10.1086/318822, PMID 11181159.
Luby SP, Gurley ES, Hossain MJ. Transmission of human infection with Nipah virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(11):1743-8. doi: 10.1086/647951, PMID 19886791.
Gurley ES, Montgomery JM, Hossain MJ, Bell M, Azad AK, Islam MR. Person-to-person transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladeshi community. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13(7):1031-7. doi: 10.3201/eid1307.061128, PMID 18214175.
Paton NI, Leo YS, Zaki SR, Auchus AP, Lee KE, Ling AE. Outbreak of Nipah–virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore. Lancet. 1999;354(9186):1253-56. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04379-2, PMID 10520634.
Abdullah S, Tan CT. Henipavirus encephalitis. H and b Clin Neurol. 2014;123:663-70. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53488-0.00032-8, PMID 25015510.
Goh KJ, Tan CT, Chew NK, Tan PS, Kamarulzaman A, Sarji SA. Clinical features of Nipah virus encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(17):1229-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200004273421701, PMID 10781618.
Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR). Available from: http://www.iedcr.org/. [Last accessed on 01 Nov 2022]
Luby SP, Gurley ES. Epidemiology of Henipavirus disease in humans. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2012;359:25-40. doi: 10.1007/82_2012_207, PMID 22752412.
Yadav PD, Raut CG, Shete AM, Mishra AC, Towner JS, Nichol ST. Detection of Nipah virus RNA in fruit bat (Pteropus giganteus) from India. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87(3):576-8. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0416, PMID 22802440.
Khan MS, Hossain J, Gurley ES, Nahar N, Sultana R, Luby SP. Use of infrared camera to understand bats’ access to date palm sap: implications for preventing Nipah virus transmission. Eco Health. 2010;7(4):517-25. doi: 10.1007/s10393-010-0366-2, PMID 21207105.
Gurley ES, Montgomery JM, Hossain MJ, Bell M, Azad AK, Islam MR. Person-to-person transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladeshi community. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13(7):1031-7. doi: 10.3201/eid1307.061128, PMID 18214175.
Hegde ST, Sazzad HM, Hossain MJ, Alam MU, Kenah E, Daszak P. Investigating rare risk factors for Nipah Virus in Bangladesh: 2001-2012. Eco Health. 2016;13(4):720-8. doi: 10.1007/s10393-016-1166-0, PMID 27738775.
Ching PKG, de los Reyes VC, Sucaldito MN, Tayag E, Columna Vingno AB, Malbas FF. Outbreak of henipavirus infection, philippines, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(2):328-31. doi: 10.3201/eid2102.141433.
Nipah virus disease guidelines. National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). Available from: http://www.ncdc.gov.in/index4.php?lang=1andlevel=0andlinkid=113andlid=228. [Last accessed on 17 Jun 2018]
Arankalle VA, Bandyopadhyay BT, Ramdasi AY, Jadi R, Patil DR, Rahman M. Genomic characterization of Nipah virus, West Bengal, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(5):907-9. doi: 10.3201/eid1705.100968, PMID 21529409.
Stachowiak B, Weingartl HM. NIpah virus infects specific subsets of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLOS ONE. 2012;7(1):e30855. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030855, PMID 22303463.
Hossain MJ, Gurley ES, Montgomery JM, Bell M, Carroll DS, Hsu VP. Clinical presentation of Nipah virus infection in Bangladesh. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(7):977-84. doi: 10.1086/529147, PMID 18444812.
Chua KB. Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia. J Clin Virol. 2003;26(3):265-75. doi: 10.1016/s1386-6532(02)00268-8, PMID 12637075.
Daniels P, Ksiazek T, Eaton BT. Laboratory diagnosis of Nipah and Hendra virus infections. Microbes Infect. 2001;3(4):289-95. doi: 10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01382-x, PMID 11334746.
Kulkarni DD, Tosh C, Venkatesh G, Senthil Kumar D. Nipah virus infection: current scenario. Indian J Virol. 2013;24(3):398-408. doi: 10.1007/s13337-013-0171-y, PMID 24426305.
Bird BH, Mazet JAK. Detection of emerging Zoonotic pathogens: an integrated One Health approach. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2018;6(1):121-39. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014628, PMID 29144769.
satterfield BA, Dawes BE, Milligan GN. Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for Nipah virus. Vaccine. 2016;34(26):2971-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.075, PMID 26973068.
Rahman M, Chakraborty A. Nipah virus outbreaks in Bangladesh: a deadly infectious disease. WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2012;1(2):208-12. doi: 10.4103/2224-3151.206933, PMID 28612796.
Hassan MZ, Sazzad HMS, Luby SP, Sturm Ramirez K, Bhuiyan MU, Rahman MZ. Nipah virus contamination of hospital surfaces during outbreaks, Bangladesh, 2013-2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(1):15-21. doi: 10.3201/eid2401.161758, PMID 29260663.
Balali Mood M, Moshiri M, Etemad L. Medical aspects of bio-terrorism. Toxicon. 2013;69:131-42. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon. 2013.01.005, PMID 23339855.
Dhama K, Wani MY. Plant based oral vaccines for human and animal pathogens–a new era of prophylaxis. Current and future perspectives. J Exp Biol Agric Sci. 2013;1(1):1-12.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 TRINADH RAO M., ANJALI T., SATYA M., SANDHYA K., SREEJA CH
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.