THE EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL VALERATE ON SEX HORMONE LEVELS IN AGED FEMALE ALBINO RATS
Keywords:
Post menopausal changes, Hormonal replacement therapy, Gonadotropins, Testosterone, ProlactinAbstract
The study was carried out to evaluate the levels of sex hormones (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, testosterone and estradiol) in young, aged and aged administered with estradiol velerate female rats. The gonadotropin levels were declined in aged rats, which were elevated drastically by estradiol velerate administration, stimulating the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in aged rats. Elevation in testosterone levels represents elevation in bone mineral density and decreases fracture risk and risk of coronary heart disease events.
Downloads
References
Alka MK, David H, Eric V, Feng L, Deborah G, Vera B. Glycemic effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy: the heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:1–9.
Brown SA, Rosen CJ. Osteoporosis. Med Clin North Am 2003;87:1039–63.
Polotsky HN, Polotsky AJ. Metabolic implications of menopause. Semin Reprod Med 2010;28:426-34.
Godsland IF. Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (a) concentrations: analysis of studies published from 1974-2000. Fertil Steril 2001;75:898-915.
Salpeter SR, Walsh JM, Ormiston TM, Greyber E, Buckley NS, Salpeter EE. Meta-analysis: effect of hormone-replacement therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Obes Metab 2006;8:538-54.
Lobo RA. Metabolic syndrome after menopause and the role of hormones. Maturitas 2008;60:10-8.
McLachlan RI, O’Donnell L, Stanton PG, Balourdos G, Frydenberg M, de Kretser DM, et al. Effects of testosterone plus medroxyprogesterone acetate on semen quality, reproductive hormones, and germ cell populations in young men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:546-56.
Gina L Quirarte, Larry D Reid, I Sofa¬a L de la Teja, Meta L Reid, Marco A Sainchez, Arnulfo Da¬az-Trujillo, et al. Estradiol valerate and alcohol intake: dose-response assessments. BMC Pharmacol 2007;7(3):1471-2210.
Dickerson LM, Shrader SP, Diaz VA. "Chapter 8: Contraception". In Wells BG, DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR. Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach. McGraw-Hill Medical; 2008. p. 1313–28.
Massin N, Cedrin-Durnerin I, Coussieu C, Galey-Fontaine J, Wolf JP, Hugues JN. Effects of transdermal testosterone application on the ovarian response to FSH in poor responders undergoing assisted reproduction technique a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Hum Reprod 2006;21(5):1204–11.
Ugwoke CC, Nwobodo ED, Unekwe P, Odike M, Chukwuma ST, Amilo G. The reproductive dysfunction effects of gasoline inhalation in albino rats. Niger J Physiol Sci 2005;20(1-2):54-7.
Freeman ME, Kanyicska B, Lerant A, Nagy G. Prolactin: structure, function and regulation of secretion. Physiol Rev 2000;80:1523–631.
Ben-Jonathan N, Hugo ER, Brandebourg TD, La Pensee CR. Focus on prolactin as a metabolic hormone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2006;17:110–6.
Tiange Wang, Jieli Lu, Yu Xu, Mian Li, Jichao Sun, Jie Zhang, et al. Circulating prolactin associates with diabetes and impaired glucose regulation. Diabetes Care 2013;36(7):1-6.
Cardy RH. Sexual dimorphism of the normal rat mammary gland. Vet Pathol 1991;28:139-45.
Bhiwgade DA, Borkar MR, Avari KM. Fine structure of prolactin cell of female albino rat as affected some antifertility drugs–a comparative electron microscope. Indian J Exp Biol 2001;39:119-31.
Karri S GV. Effect of methotrexate and leucovorin on female reproductive tract of albino rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2011;29(1):1-21.
Davison SL, Bell R, Donath. Androgen levels in adult females: changes with age, menopause, and oophorectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(7):3847-53.
Laughlin GA, Goodell V, Barrett-Connor E. Extremes of endogenous testosterone are associated with increased risk of incident coronary events in older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95(2):740-7.
Susan Davis R, Fracp Sonia Davison L. Current perspectives on testosterone therapy for women. Menopausal Med 2012;20(2):1-4.
Lerner UH. Bone remodeling in post-menopausal osteoporosis. J Dent Res 2006;85(7):584-95.
Coelingh Bennink HJ, Heegaard AM, Visser M, Holinka CF, Christiansen C. Oral bioavailability and bone-sparing effects of estrol in an osteoporosis model. Climacteric 2008;11(1):2-14.
Hala Osman F, Samia Yousef Ayad K, Amal Abdel-Aziz El-Mahdy. The potential effect of flaxseed on female postmenopausal rats. Nat Sci 2011;9(4):1-8.