CORRELATION OF LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN LEVELS WITH METABOLIC AND HORMONAL PROFILES IN PCOS PATIENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH NORMAL CONTROLS

ANJU SURYAPANI; SHRUTI MOHAN UNIYAL

doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i6.6009

Authors

ANJU SURYAPANI Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rama Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur, India
SHRUTI MOHAN UNIYAL Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rama Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Hapur, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i6.6009

Keywords:

PCOS, Leptin, Adiponectin, Insulin resistance, Metabolic dysfunction, Adiponectin-to-leptin ratio, Reproductive hormones

Abstract

Objective: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic and reproductive abnormalities, including insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Leptin and adiponectin, two adipokines involved in metabolic regulation, are known to be dysregulated in PCOS. This study aims to investigate the correlation between leptin and adiponectin levels and their association with metabolic and hormonal profiles in PCOS patients compared to healthy controls.

Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted involving 120 women diagnosed with PCOS and 50 healthy controls. Leptin and adiponectin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adiponectin-to-leptin ratio (ALR) was calculated, and correlations with BMI, LH/FSH ratio, and other metabolic parameters were analyzed. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

Results: Leptin levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to controls (25.34 ng/ml vs. 11.16 ng/ml, p<0.0001), while adiponectin levels were significantly lower (2.93 mcg/ml vs. 21.44 mcg/ml, p<0.0001). The adiponectin-to-leptin ratio was markedly reduced in PCOS patients (0.13 vs. 2.05, p<0.0001). A significant correlation was observed between the adiponectin/leptin ratio and the LH/FSH ratio (r = 0.2138, p = 0.019).

Conclusion: This study highlights the dysregulation of leptin and adiponectin in PCOS, suggesting their potential role in metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. The adiponectin-to-leptin ratio emerges as a promising biomarker for insulin resistance and metabolic risk in PCOS patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Panidis D, Koliakos G, Kourtis A, Katsikis I, Krassas G, Koukoulis G. Serum leptin levels are higher in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to those of age and BMI-matched controls. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149(1):25-9.

Orio F, Palomba S, Cascella T, DE Simone B, DI Biase S, Russo T. The increase of leptin levels is associated with impaired glucose homeostasis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism. 2003;52(5):663-6.

Wehr E, Pilz S, Schweighofer N, Giuliani A, Kopera D, Pieber TR. Association of hypovitaminosis D with metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Oct;161(4):575-82. doi: 10.1530/EJE-09-0432.

Spritzer PM, Lecke SB, Satler F, Morsch DM. Adipose tissue dysfunction adipokines and low grade chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Reproduction. 2015;149(5):R219-27. doi: 10.1530/REP-14-0435.

Olszanecka Glinianowicz M, Zahorska Markiewicz B, Kocelak P, Janowska J, Semik Grabarczyk E, Madej P. Serum concentrations of adipokines in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their correlation with insulin resistance. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013;29(2):150-4.

Karadeniz M, Erdogan M, Zengi A, Ozbek M, Karaman I, Saygili F. Serum leptin levels and their association with inflammation insulin resistance and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019;35(3):245-8.

Glintborg D, Andersen M, Hagen C, Frystyk J, Hulstrom V, Flyvbjerg A. Evaluation of metabolic risk markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) adiponectin ghrelin leptin and body composition in hirsute PCOS patients and controls. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;155(2):337-45. doi: 10.1530/eje.1.02207, PMID 16868149.

Sieminska L, Marek B, Kos Kudla B, Niedziolka D, Kajdaniuk D, Nowak M. Serum adiponectin in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and its relation to clinical metabolic and endocrine parameters. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004;27(6):528-34. doi: 10.1007/BF03347474, PMID 15717649.

Xita N, Papassotiriou I, Georgiou I, Vounatsou M, Margeli A, Tsatsoulis A. The adiponectin to leptin ratio in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relation to insulin resistance and proinflammatory markers. Metabolism. 2007;56(6):766-71. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.01.008.

Olszanecka Glinianowicz M, Kuglin D, Dabkowska Huc A, Skalba P. Serum adiponectin and resistin in relation to insulin resistance and markers of hyperandrogenism in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011;154(1):51-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.08.022.

Chen CI, Hsu MI, Lin SH, Chang YC, Hsu CS, Tzeng CR. Adiponectin and leptin in overweight/obese and lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015;31(4):264-8. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2014.984676, PMID 25423261.

Yadav A, Kataria MA, Saini V, Yadav A. Role of leptin and adiponectin in insulin resistance. Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Feb 18;417:80-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.12.007, PMID 23266767.