ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC BARK EXTRACT OF MANILKARA HEXANDRA (ROXB) IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Abstract
Objective: Manilkara hexandra Roxb. (Family: Sapotaceae) is a common evergreen tree and commercial crop in India which is widely used as antibacterial, diuretic, anthelmintic, antioxidant and antidiabetic in folklore medicine in India. The objective of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Manilkara hexandra bark in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in experimental animals.
Methods: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was induced in overnight fasted rats by an intra-peritoneal injection (i. p.) of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. 50 % ethanolic extract of M. hexandra, 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg body weight was administered orally to the rats once daily for 21 d. The blood glucose level was assessed by a glucometer. The serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were determined by using diagnostic kits.
Results: A significant reduction (p<0.001) in the blood glucose level was observed in diabetic animals treated with the different doses of the extract, compared to untreated diabetic rats. The drug posses good hypolipidemic effect by normalizing the lipid parameters. This also evidenced by histopathological examination of isolated organs viz. pancreas and kidney showing reduced the injuries induced by streptozotocin.
Conclusion: The result of this study thus shows that 50 % of the ethanolic extract at different doses possesses significant antidiabetic activity and potent hypolipidemic potential in diabetic conditions.
Keywords: Antidiabetic, Bark extract, Histopathology, Manilkara hexandra, Streptozotocin
Downloads
References
Joy KL, Kuttan R. Antidiabetic activity of Picorrhiza kurroa extract. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;167:143â€8.
Rates SMK. Plants as a source of drugs. Toxicon 2001;39:603-13.
Khare CP. Indian Medicinal Plants, An Illustrated Dictionary, Springer-Verlag Berlin; 2007. p. 397-8.
Misra G, Mitra CR. Mimusops hexandra–III. Constituents of the root, leaves and mesocarp. Phytochem 1968;7:2173–276.
Eskander J, Haggag E, El–Gindi M, Mohamedy M. A novel saponin from Manilkara hexandra seeds and anti–inflammatory activity. Med Chem Res 2013;23:717–24.
Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy, Nirali prakashan; 2008. p. 607-11.
OECD. Guidelines number 423 for the testing of chemicals revised draft guideline 423. (Acute oral toxicity). Paris: OECD; 2000.
Mishra SB, Vijayakumar M. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of Saraca asoca (Roxb. De Wilde) flowers in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats: a therapeutic study. J Bioanal Biomed 2014; S12:1-5.
Mishra SB, Verma A, Vijayakumar M. Preclinical evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antioxidant action of Nirmali (Strychnos potatorum) seeds in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic Wistar rats: a histopathological investigation. Biomarkers Genomic Med 2013;5:157-63.
Culling CFA. Handbook of histopathological and histochemical techniques. Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd. London; 1974. p. 194-6.
Donnini D, Zambito AM, Perella G. Glucose may induce cell death through a free radical-mediated mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996;219:412-7.
Glasgow AM, August GP, Hung W. Relationship between control and serum lipids in juvenile onset diabetes. Diabetes Care 1981;4:76–80.
Goodman MW, Michels LD, Keane WF. Intestinal and hepatic cholesterol synthesis in the alloxan diabetic rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1982;170:286–90.
Nikkila EA, Huttunen JK, Ehnholm C. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1977;26:11–21.
Golay A, Chen YD, Reaven GM. Effect of differences in glucose tolerance on insulin stability regulate carbohydrate and free fatty acid metabolism in obese individuals. J Clin Endocrin Metabol 1986;2:1081–8.
Kondo A, Muranaka Y, Ohta I, Notsu K, Manabe M, Kotani K, et al. Relationship between triglyceride concentrations and LDL size evaluated by malondialdehyde-modified LDL. Clin Chem 2001;47:893–900.
Bruan JEA, Severson DL. Lipoprotein lipase release from cardiac myocytes is increased by decavanadate but not insulin. Am J Physiol 1992;262: E663–70.