STUDY OF IMMOBILIZATION OF UREASE ON PVA-NANO NiFe2O4 NANOCOMPOSITE FOR BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS
Keywords:
Biosensor, NiFe2O4nanoparticles, Urease (Ur), Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), Nanobiocomposite, Sol-gel methodAbstract
Objective: The main objective of this study to prepare the highly sensitive and high-performance biosensor using Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles and biological agent (enzyme) for the respective biosensor.
Methods: Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles were prepared by using the sol-gel method. Prepared nanoparticles were dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution in order to fabricate nanocomposite film on gold (Au) plate. Urease (Ur) has been immobilized onto this (PVA/NanoNiFe2O4/Au) nanocomposite film via physical adsorption method. The PVA/NanoNiFe2O4/Au electrode and Ur/PVA-nanoNiFe2O4/Au bio-electrode have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.
Results: The XRD of nanocrystalline NiFe2O4 showsspinel ferrites crystal structure and the average particle size of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles was found to be ~ 40 nm. The formation of NiFe2O4 was confirmed by FT-IR. The detecting performance of Nanocrystalline NiFe2O4 results in increased active surface area of PVA-nanoNiFe2O4/Au bioelectrode for immobilization of enzyme (Ur), enhanced electron transfer and increased shelf-life of bioelectrode. The Ur/PVA-nanoNiFe2O4/Au bioelectrode exhibits interesting characteristics such as detection range 5-50 mg/dl, response time as 2s with regression coefficient as 0.951. A Michalis-Menten constant (Km) as 2 mg/dl indicate high affinity of the enzyme (Ur) for urea detection.
Conclusion: The results obtained from this study indicated that the Ur/PVA-nanoNiFe2O4/Au bioelectrode reveals increased enzyme (urease)-substrate (urea) interactions indicating the distinct advantage of this matrix over other matrices used for urea biosensor fabrication. Efforts should be made to use this electrode for the detection of urea in blood serum.
Keywords: Biosensor, NiFe2O4nanoparticles, Urease (Ur), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Nanobiocomposite, Sol-gel method
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References
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