IMPACT ON PROLINE CONTENT OF JATROPHA CURCAS IN FLY ASH AMENDED SOIL WITH RESPECT TO HEAVY METALS
Keywords:
soil, fly ash, Jatropha curcas, proline, growth performanceAbstract
Objective: To reveal the property of Jatropha curcas, to retain itself under the heavy metal stress of high concentration of fly ash through the increase in proline content in plants.
Methods: A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate growth performance, biochemical and physiological responses of the Jatropha curcas (n=15) in fly ash amended the soil. The present study was performed as an attempt to determine the growth performance of Jatropha curcas using various concentrations of fly ash and soil [100% soil (T1), 25% fly ash+75% soil (T2), 50% fly ash+50% soil (T3) and 75% fly ash+25% soil (T4) and 100% fly ash (T5)]. The elemental composition (Zn, Ca, Mg, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Cd) was studied by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in base material at the beginning and at the end of the study. The three years response was reported and observed that the proline content in Jatropha curcas leaves increased as the fly ash concentration increased (as proline is a stress protein which is formed according to the defensive capability of plants).
Results: After three years of complete plant growth the elemental (heavy metals) uptake increased with respect to the availability. The overall proline content increased as 2.48 µg/ml, 3.97 µg/ml, 4.78 µg/ml, 5.25 µg/ml and 5.60 µg/ml in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. After evaluating the correlation between heavy metal uptake and proline content, all the results showed positive significance at 0.05% and 0.01% significance level.
Conclusion: According to the results it has been proved that when heavy metal uptake by Jatropha curcas increases through fly ash, the proline content increases according to its capability to defence itself in stress conditions. This research motivated to waste utilization, sustainable development, and environment protection.
Keywords: Soil, Fly ash, Jatropha curcas, Proline, Growth performance
Downloads
References
Basu M, Pande M, Bhadoria PBS, Mahapatra SC. Potential fly ash utilization in agriculture: a global review. Prog Nat Sci (Elsevier) 2009;19:1173–86.
Raj S, Mohan S. Approach for improved plant growth using fly ash amended soil. Int J Emerging Technol Adv Eng 2014;4:709–15.
Kishor P, Ghosh AK, Kumar D. Use of fly ash in agriculture: a way to improve soil fertility. J Agric Resour 2010;4:1–14.
Khan S, Begum T, Singh J. Effect of fly ash on physiochemical properties and nutrient status of soil. Indian J Environ Health 1996;38:41–6.
Rajiv G, Prakash M. Response of a black gram to fly ash application. Plant Arch 2012;12:253–6.
Mohan S. Response of Jatropha curcus, a biodiesel plant in fly ash amended the soil with respect to pigment content and photosynthetic rate. Procedia Environ Sci (Elsevier) 2011;8:421–5.
Seth R, Sarin R. In vivo and in vitro biochemical estimation of primary metabolites from Jatropha curcas: an important biodiesel plant. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;4:81‒4.
Raj S, Dahiya P, Mohan S. Physiochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of Jatropha curcas grown on fly ash amended soil. Int J Appl Env Sci 2015;10:1375‒83.
Liang J, Yang Z, Tang L, Xu Y, Wang S, Chen F. Growth performance and tolerance responses of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) seedling subjected to isolated or combined cadmium and lead stresses. Int J Agric Biol 2012;14:861‒9.
Bates LS, Waldran RP, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 1973;39:205–8.
Naser HM, Sultana S, Mahmud NU, Gomes R, Noor S. Heavy metal levels in vegetables with growth stage and plant species variations. Bangladesh J Agric Res 2011;36:563–74.
Ali AA, Mostafa MS, Bushra AA. Evaluation of plant densities and various irrigation regimes of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under low water supply. J Water Resour Prot 2016;8:1–11.