RAPID SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA AND STUDY OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES
Keywords:
Keywords, Achyranthes aspera, Silver nanoparticles, TEM, DLS, Antimicrobial and Radical scavenging activityAbstract
Objective: To study the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera and check the antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs
Methods: 20 ml of aqueous leaf extract of A. aspera was added to 80 ml of 2 mM silver nitrate and the reaction solution was heated at 55-60 °C for 20 min and incubated. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by different spectroscopic measurements including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was checked against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (Gram+ve bacteria), Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-ve bacteria), Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Candida nonalbicans (Human pathogenic fungi) by employing disc diffusion method. The free radical scavenging activity of AgNPs was checked against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals.
Results: After 1 h of incubation, the light yellow color of the reaction solution was turned to dark brown. UV-Vis spectra showed the absorption peak at 445 nm and confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. FTIR spectra revealed the functional groups plausibly involved in the biosynthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. XRD pattern revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic (FCC) phase. TEM revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape with 20-40 nm in size. DLS analysis revealed that the average size of AgNPs was 24.5 nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs were highly stable due to their high negative zeta potential value of-28.1 mV. AgNPs showed effective antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (16.4 mm), B. subtilis (14.5 mm), K. pneumonia (13.2 mm), P. aeruginosa (12.4 mm), A. niger (12.2 mm), C. albicans (11.5 mm) and C. nonalbicans (11.8 mm). AgNPs showed effective free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 77.73 and 90.53 µg/ml respectively against DPPH and H2O2 radicals.
Conclusion: Successful and rapid synthesis of AgNPs was achieved using aqueous leaf extract of A. aspera. Biosynthesized AgNPs were proved to be excellent antimicrobial agents and free radical scavengers.
Keywords: Achyranthes aspera, Silver nanoparticles, TEM, DLS, Antimicrobial and Radical scavenging activity
Downloads
References
Elsayed MA. Some interesting properties of metals confined in time and nanometer space of different shapes. Acc Chem Res 2001;34:257–64.
Kelly KL, Coronado E, Zhao LL, Schatz GC. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles: the influence of size shape, and dielectric environment. J Phys Chem B 2003;107:668–77.
Vilchis NAR, Sanchez MV, Camacho LMA, Gomez ERM, Arenas AJA. Solvent less synthesis and optical properties of Au and Ag nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis extract. Mat Lett 2008;62:3103–5.
Wang T, Kaempgen M, Nopphawan P, Wee G, Mhaisalkar S, Srinivasan M. Silver nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes as bifunctional gas diffusion electrodes for zinc–air batteries. J Power Sources 2010;195:4350–5.
Campelo JM, Luna D, Luque R, Marinas JM, Romero AA. Sustainable preparation of supported metal nanoparticles and their applications in catalysis. ChemSusChem 2009;2:18–45.
McFarland AD, Vanduyne RP. Single silver nanoparticles as real-time optical sensors with zeptomole sensitivity. Nano Lett 2003;3:1057–62.
Chen XJ, Sanchez GBL, Qian ZX, Park SJ. Noble metal nanoparticles in DNA detection and delivery. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012;4:273–90.
Miguel L, Pedro VB. Gold and silver nanoparticles for clinical diagnostics-From genomics to proteomics. J Proteomics 2012;75:2811–23.
Mukherjee S, Chowdhury D, Rajesh K, Sujata P, Vinothkumar B, Manika PB, et al. Potential theranostics application of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (4-in-1 System). Theranostics 2014;4:316–35.
Mittal AK, Kaler A, Banerjee UC. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from flower extract of Rhododendron dauricum. Nano Biomed Eng 2006;4:118–24.
Netala VR, Kotakadi VS, Nagam V, Bobbu PL, Ghosh SB, Tartte V. First report of biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous callus extract of Centella asiatica and their antimicrobial activity. Appl Nanosci 2015;5:801–7.
Netala VR, Kotakadi VS, Latha D, Gaddam SA, Bobbu PL, Sucharitha KV, et al. Biogenic silver nanoparticles: efficient and effective antifungal agents. Appl Nanosci 2016;6:475-84.
Netala VR, Kotakadi VS, Ghosh SB, Bobbu PL, Nagam V, Sharma KK, et al. Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Melia dubia, characterization, and antifungal activity. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:298–300
Iravani S, Korbekandi H, Mirmohammadi SV, Zolfaghari B. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci 2014;9:385–406.
Priya K, Krishnakumari S. Phytochemical analysis of Achyranthes aspera and its activity on sesame oil induced lipid peroxidation. Anc Sci Life 2007;27:6–10.
Netala VR, Ghosh SB, Bobbu PL, Anitha D, Vijaya T. Triterpenoid saponins: a review on biosynthesis, applications and mechanism of their action. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;7:24–8.
Gaddam SA, Kotakadi VS, Saigopal DVR, Subbarao Y, Reddy AV. Efficent and robust biofabrication of silver nanoparticles by Cassia alata leaf extract and their antimicrobial activity. J Nanostruct Chem 2014;4:1–9.
Kotakadi VS, Subbarao Y, Gaddam SA, Prasad TNVKV, Reddy AV, Saigopal DVR. Simple and rapid biosynthesis of stable silver nanoparticles using dried leaves of Catharanthus roseus Linn. G. Donn and its antimicrobial activity. Colloids Surf B 2013;105:194–8.
Cruickshank R. Medical microbiology: a guide to diagnosis and control of infection. E and S Livingston Ltd., Edinburgh; 1968.
Rammohan A, Duvvuru G, Netala VR, Tartte V, Deville A, Bodo B. Structure elucidation and antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds from Rhynchosia suaveolens. Nat Prod Com 2015;10:609–11.
Patel A, Amit P, Patel NM. Determination of polyphenols and free radical scavenging activity of Tephrosia purpurea linn leaves (Leguminosae). Pharmacogn Res 2010;2:152–8.
Kora AJ, Sashidhar RB, Arunachalam J. Aqueous extract of gum olibanum (Boswellia serrata): a reductant and stabilizer for the biosynthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles. Process Biochem 2012;47:1516–20.
Kim KJ, Sung WS, Suh BK, Moon SK, Choi JS, Kim JG, et al. Antifungal activity and mode of action of silver nanoparticles on Candida albicans. Biometals 2009;22:235–42.
Lok CN, Ho CM, Chen R, He QY, Yu WY, Sun H, et al. Proteomic analysis of the mode of antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles. J Proteome Res 2006;5:916–24.