BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF A HIGH DOSE OF THAUMATIN IN WISTAR RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15042Keywords:
Thaumatin, Sweet-tasting protein, Protein malnutrition, Blood glucose, Lipid profile, Blood protein, Body weight, Wistar ratAbstract
Objective: The aim of this work was to investigate the capability of a high dose of thaumatin; a sweet tasting protein, of improving induced protein malnutrition in male Wistar rats.
Methods: For this study, 12 rats were divided into 2 groups and treated orally along with a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet as follows: water group as a negative control, and thaumatin group at a dose of 464 mg/kg for 3 consecutive w. Blood samples were collected to analyse glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and total protein, and body weight was measured. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out at the end of the experiment.
Results: Despite the high amount of thaumatin used, only a slight increase in blood glucose occurred and was within the normal range, whereas serum triglycerides and cholesterol decreased significantly unlike control. Body weight had declined in both groups due to a low-protein diet, while total protein and glucose tolerance remained unchanged.
Conclusion: It is found that thaumatin is safe to consume by Wistar rats even at high doses. Besides that high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet caused falling of body weight, it had drawbacks of increased triglycerides and cholesterol levels which can be useful to create animal models of abnormal lipid metabolism without obesity. However, simultaneous ingestion of thaumatin with this diet had altered the outcomes to the best case. In future, it may be possible to use this combination for achieving healthy eating patterns without drug intervention that is needed for obese patients with various dysglycemia or dyslipidemia manifestations and people following regimes for weight reduction.Â
Downloads
References
Picone D, Temussi PA. Dissimilar sweet proteins from plants: oddities or normal components? Plant Sci 2012;195:135–42.
Mortensen A. Sweeteners permitted in the European Union: safety aspects. Scandinavian J Food Nutr 2006;50:104–16.
European Parliament and Council Directive No 94/35/ECof 30 June 1994 on sweeteners for use in foodstuffs; 1994. p. 3-15.
The European parliament and council directive No 95/2/ECof 20 February 1995 on food additives other than colours and sweeteners; 1995. p. 1-50.
Bachmanov AA, Tordoff MG, Beauchamp GK. Sweetener preference of C57BL/6ByJ and 129P3/J mice. Chem Senses 2001;26:905–13.
Kaneko R, Kitabatake N. Structure-sweetness relationship in thaumatin: the importance of lysine residues. Chem Senses 2001;26:167–77.
Masuda T, Mikami B, Tani F. Atomic structure of recombinant thaumatin II reveals flexible conformations in two residues critical for sweetness and three consecutive glycine residues. Biochimie 2014;106:33–8.
Masuda T, Ohta K, Tani F, Mikami B, Kitabatake N. Crystal structure of the sweet-tasting protein thaumatin II at 1.27 Å. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011;410:457–60.
Kaneko R, Kitabatake N. Sweetness of sweet protein thaumatin is more thermoresistant under acid conditions than under neutral or alkaline conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001;65:409–13.
JECFA. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants; 1985. Report No. 29th report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. World Health Organization. WHO Food Additives series; 20. International Programme On Chemical Safety (IPCS). Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v20je15.htm. [Last accessed on 10 Aug 2014].
Wiebe N, Padwal R, Field C, Marks S, Jacobs R, Tonelli M. A systematic review on the effect of sweeteners on glycemic response and clinically relevant outcomes. BMC Med 2011;9:123–40.
Wu T, Bound MJ, Standfield SD, Bellon M, Young RL, Jones KL, et al. Artificial sweeteners have no effect on gastric emptying, glucagon-like peptide-1, or glycemia after oral glucose in healthy humans. Diabetes Care 2013;36:e202–3.
Yu Z, Lowndes J, Rippe J. High-fructose corn syrup and sucrose have equivalent effects on energy-regulating hormones at normal human consumption levels. Nutr Res 2013;33:1043–52.
Diehl KH, Hull R, Morton D, Pfister R, Rabemampianina Y, Smith D, et al. A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes. J Appl Toxicol 2001;21:15–23.
Sheik Abdulazeez S. Effects of freeze-dried Fragaria x ananassa powder on alloxan-induced diabetic complications in Wistar rats. J University Med Sci 2014;9:268–73.
Seeley R, Stephens T, Tate P. Anatomy and physiology. 6th ed. The McGraw-Hill companies; 2004.
Figlewicz DP, Ioannou G, Bennett Jay J, Kittleson S, Savard C, Roth CL. Effect of moderate intake of sweeteners on metabolic health in the rat. Physiol Behav 2009;98:618–24.
Mezitis NHE, Maggio CA, Koch P, Quddoos A, Allison DB, Pi-Sunyer FX. Glycemic effect of a single high oral dose of the novel sweetener sucralose in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1996;19:1004–5.
Poonguzhali DV, Vinodhini VM, Ebenezer William W, Kumar JS. Evaluation of apolipoprotein-b levels in dysglycemia. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013;6:112–4.
Khatri SK, Rathnanand M, Nikhila R. Formulation and evaluation of wound healing activity of linezolid topical preparations on diabetic rats. Int J Appl Pharm 2016;8:30–6.
Olfert ED, Cross BM, Mcwilliam AA. editors. Guide to the care and use of experimental animals. Canadian Council on Animal Care; 1993.
JECFA. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Report No. 29th report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. World Health Organization. Technical Report Series; 1986. p. 733.
Jain R, Jain P, Jain P. A review on treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2016;8:16–8.
Hariprasath K, Umamaheswari P, Wicket SD. Hormone based therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013;6:1–5.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
