BURDEN OF THERAPY IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i5.17484Keywords:
Diabetes, Hypertension, Economic burden, Psychological burden, Cost of therapy, PharmacoeconomicsAbstract
Objective: To estimate a) monthly expenditure for treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and both (DM+HTN) and b) economic burden (EB) and psychological burden (PB) of therapy of DM, HTN and DM+HTN.
Methods: An observational questionnaire-based study was conducted among 180 patients. The monthly cost of drug therapy was assessed based on the drugs they were taking and the cost of individual drugs. The EB and PB were assessed using a validated questionnaire and data analysed by ANOVA followed by post hoc test.
Results: Among 216 patients who were interviewed, 180 fulfilled the selection criteria. Among 180, 75 had DM, 40 HTN and 65 had both. Prevalence of DM and DM+HTN was higher among females and of HTN equal among males and females. The average total monthly cost of therapy for DM was INR 2077, for HTN INR 1464 and for DM+HTN INR 2269.
Significant correlation was found between income and percentage of expenditure (p<0.001) in all the groups. The PB was found to correlate with low income (p<0.001), poor education (p<0.05) occupation (p<0.01) in DM+HTN and number of tablets (p<0.01) in DM and DM+HTN groups.
Conclusion: The cost of therapy was higher for DM+HTN and DM. The percentage of expenditure was higher in low-income group and burden of therapy was directly proportional to the number of tablets, poor educational and occupational status; and inversely proportional to income.
Downloads
References
Parthasarathi G, Nyfort-Hansen K, Nahata MC. A textbook of clinical pharmacy practice–essential concepts and skill. 1st ed. Orient Longman; 2005.
Venturini F, Johnson KA. Introduction to pharmacoeconomic principles and application in pharmacy practice. Calif J Health Syst Pharm; 2002.
William FM, Troy DB, Remington JP. Remington the science and practice of pharmacy. 20th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000.
Rangarajan C. Report of the expert group to review the methodology for measurement of poverty. The government of India planning commission; 2014.
Grover S, Avasthi A, Bhansali A, Chakrabarti S, Kulhara P. Cost of ambulatory care of diabetes mellitus: a study from north India. Postgrad Med J 2005;81:391-5.
Ramachandran A, Ramachandran S, Snehalatha C, Augustine C, Murugesan N, Viswanathan V, et al. Increasing expenditure on health care incurred by diabetic subjects in a developing country: a study from India. Diabetes Care 2007;30:252-6.
Shobhana R, Rao PR, Lavanya A, Williams R, Vijay V, Ramachandran A. Expenditure on health care incurred by diabetic subjects in a developing country–a study from southern India. Diabetes Res Clin Prac 2000;48:37-42.
Tharkar S, Devarajan A, Kumpatla S, Viswanathan V. The socioeconomics of diabetes from a developing country: a population-based cost of illness study. Diabetes Res Clin Prac 2010;89:334-40.
Bahia LR, Araujo DV, Schaan BD, Dib SA, Negrato CA, Leao MP, et al. The costs of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatient care in the Brazilian public health system. Value Health 2011;14:137-40.
Nguyen TBY, Nguyen TT, Le HH, Schuiling Veninga CCM, Postma MJ. Direct costs of hypertensive patients admitted to hospital in Vietnam’a bottom-up micro-costing analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 2014;14:1.
Al-Efan QMA. Cost of treating hypertension in Malaysia. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2009;2:1¬-5.
Sawant K, Melita S, Castelino F. A study to assess stress and coping among diabetes patients in tertiary health centre of Udupi district Karnataka. Asian Acad Res J Multidis 2014;1:250-60.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
